caused: inflammation of larynx, pharynx, and trachea, secondary to acute viral infection of upper respiratory tract

starts w/ cold, cough, and low grade fever that develops over 2 days

responds well to humidified O2, bronchodilators not for couple may worsen symptoms

sudden onset, look ill, report very sore throat, high fever.

will often be found in tripod position and drooling.*

highflown O2, position of comfort, put nothing in mouth

common in young children. infection in lungs and breathing passages, which can leader to more serious problems like bronchiolitis and pneumonia

often occurs due to RSV - results in severe bronchioles

frequent in newborns and toddlers, commonly boys

typically at increased risk for developing childhood asthma.

infection in lungs, collects in normal lung tissue, impairing gas exchange

secondary infection from upper respiratory infection

-bacterial pneumonia: severe symptoms more quickly w/ high fever (children have higher risk for seizures)
-viral pneumonia: more gradually and less severe

adults - not common but can cause severe upper respiratory infection leading to pneumonia in geriatric or immunocompromised

geriatric patients can have cracked ribs from coughing

animal respiratory disease that mutated to humans

bacterial infection - dangerous b/c
many strains are resistant to antibiotics

heart is injured that it cannot circulate blood properly, left side cannot remove blood as fast as right side brings in, therefore causing a fund buildup in alveoli and in the lung tissue between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. Edema interferes w/ gas exchange and does not leave enough room for lungs to take a slow deep breath.

typically a result of CHF, but can also be a result of chest trauma, poisoning from smoke/toxins, high altitudes

high BP and low CO often trigger flash pulmonary edema

patients are sick and frightened (literally drowning in fluid)

cool, diaphertic, cyanotic skin, crackles/wheezing, tachycardia, HTN early but later Hypotension

slow process of dilation and disruption of airways an alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction

umbrella term: emphysema & chronic bronchitis
-emphysema: loss of elastic material in lungs that occur when alveolar spaces chronically stretch due to inflamed airways and obstruction of airflow in lungs. Walls eventually fall apart leaving large holes in lung that resemble air pockets
-chronic bronchitis: Protective cells and mechanisms that remove foreign particles are destroyed weakening airways

caused by: direct lung and airway damage from infection or inhalation of smoke/toxin. typically caused by smoking

Chronically produce sputum, chronic cough, difficulty expelling air from lungs, long expiration phases, and wheezing. Also crackles, rhonchi, and wheezes, or diminished lung sounds

Pulmonary edema (CHF): wet lung sounds (rhonchi, crackles): quicker development of symptoms

COPD: dry lung sounds (wheezes): bronchial constrictions, present w/ shortness of breath, slow onset

acute spasm of bronchioles w/ excessive mucus production and swelling of mucous lining of respiratory passage

severe emotional stress, exervise, and respiratory infections

partial or complete accumulation of air in pleural space

tall thin men are at higher risk when performing strenuous activities.

collection of fluid outside of lung on one/both side of chest

compresses lung(s) and causes dyspnea:
-although can build up for weeks patients typically report dyspnea onset suddenly

hear decreased lung sounds over region of chest wall where fluid has moved lung away from chest wall, typically feel better upright.

blood clot formed in vein that breaks off and moves through venous system

embolus: anything in circulatory system that moves from point of origin to distant cite and lodges, obstructing blood flow in area

patients with LE immobilization at higher risk, pregnancy, active cancer