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MM 14: Soils & Mineral Nutrition, Needed large quantities - Coggle…
MM 14: Soils & Mineral Nutrition
Concepts
Mineral Nutrition: rocks into inorganic compounds
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Essential Elements
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Hydroponic Sol'n: growing plant with chemical composition controlled
Essential Elements: discovered by Sachs
Major elements
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macro elements
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Minor/Micro essential elements, also known as trace elements
extremely low concentrations of elements
Mineral Deficiency Diseases
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Causes of Deficiency disease
not enough minerals
Too rich in iron or heavy metals
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low concentrations of minerals
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soil depletion
Symptoms of Deficiency Disease
Chlorosis: leaves lack chlorophyll, turn yellow, brittle/papery
Necrosis: death patches of tissue caused by lack of certain elements
Mobile & Immobile Elements
Immobile elements: Boron, calcium, Iron
Mobile elements: chlorine, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur
Soils & Mineral Availability
Weathering: how soil is derived from rocks.
Physical Weathering: breakdown by physical forces
Coarse Sand: 2.0 to 0.2 mm
Fine Sand: 0.2 to 0.02
Silt: 0.02 to 0.002mm
Clay Particles/Micelles: 0.002 mm in diameter
Field Capacity: water that remain in soil
Chemical Weathering: Chemical runs and acids produced by decaying matter
Cation Exchange: cations must first be freely dissolved in the soil solution
Soil Acidity
The Endodermis & Selective Absorption of Substances
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Mycorrhizae & absorption of Phosphorus
Mycorrhiza: symbiotic relationship between plants and soil fungi
Nitrogen Metabolism
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Nitrogen Fixation: conversion of N2 gas into nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium.
Nitrogenase: an enzyme that uses N2 as a substrate.
Nitrogen Reduction: process of reducing N in nitrate ion from oxidation state of +5 to the -3 oxidation state of ammonium
Nitrogen Assimilation: incorporation of ammonium into organic molecules into plant body.
Amino Group: glutamine transferring ammonium
transamination: transfer of an amino group from 1 molecule to another.
Other aspects of prokaryotes and N
Nitrifying Bacteria: oxidase ammonium to nitrite , some nitrite to nitrate
Nitrification: process of nitrifying bacteria
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Obtaining Nitrogen from Animals
Carnivorous Plants: obtaining nitrogen from catching animals
Ant-Plants: flowering plants & ferns that get N from animals
Mutualistic relationship: mutually beneficial relationship
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Domatium: any chamber formed by a plant & used commonly as a living space by an animal
Storage of Minerals W/in Plants
all parts except seeds store minerals in soluble form in central vacuoles of cells
Phosphates, sulfurs, and other minerals
some seeds store minerals, must be lightweight but also packed w/ enough to get seedling est. quickly
Needed large quantities
