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🗽ENGLISH, image - Coggle Diagram

- - - - VERBAL TENSES
        
        PRESENT
        
        PRESENT PERFECT
        
        PRESENT CONTINUOUS
        
        Serve para dizer o que estamos fazendo agora, no momento da fala.
        
        é o nosso gerúndio - ndo.
        
        usamos -ING
        
        estrutura:
        
        SUJEITO + VERBO TO BE + VERBO PRINCIPAL com ING
        
        Palavras frequentemente usadas com present continuos:
        
        Now, right now, at the moment, nowadays, currently...
        
        Afirmattive
        I'm studying english now
        
        Negative
        I am not speaking Chinese here
        
        Questions
        
        Pronome interrogativo + Verb. to be + subject + verbo princ. com -ing
        
        Are you studying right now?
        
        Where are you going?
        
        PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
        
        PRESENT SIMPLE
        
        Para contar rotinas, hábitos por exemplo. Generalizações também, coisas do senso comum.
        
        è aqui que usamos S ou ES para he/she/it (afirmativa)
        
        Também é aqui que usamos DO e DOES(negativa e interrogativa).
        
        palavras comuns:
        
        always, never, often, usually, sometimes...
        
        DO and DOES
        Does for he / she / it.
        Do for I / you / we they
        
        QUESTIONS
        DO e DOES antes do sujeito
        Do you like chocolate?
        Does he likes chocolate?
        
        Do you have an umbrella? = Have you got an umbrella?
        
        Does Tom have a brother? = Has Tom got a brother?
        
        NEGATIVE
        
        I / you / we / they don't like football
        
        He / she doesn't drink coffee.
        
        It doesn't rain very often.
        
        He doesn't have a watch = He hasn't got a watch
        
        I don't have your phone number = I haven't got you phone number
        
        AFIRMATIVE
        Para he/she/it adicionamos -s ou es
        
        I/you/we/they usually read a lot
        
        Every day he whakes up at 6am.
        
        Only add -ES
        
        Também colocamos -es no do e no go
        do ➞ does
        go ➞ goes
        
        -es after -s / -sh / -ch/ x :
        pass ➞ passes
        finish ➞ finishes
        watch ➞ watches
        
        #y 🔄 -ies
        study - studies
        
        Have also is a spacial case:
        Have ➞ Has
        
        Have got
        
        He has two brothers and a sister = He's got/ He has got two brothers and a sister
        
        We have a lot of work to do = We have got a lot of work to do.
        
        I have a dog = I've got a dog.
        
        works
        likes
        reads
        
        Verbo TO BE
        
        Serve para dizer:
        
        eu sou/estou
        
        você é/está
        
        eles são/estão.
        
        Assim como no português, é um dos verbos mais usados na língua.
        
        i / is / are são o verbo to be no presente
        
        was & were é o verbo to be no passado
        
        usamos para dizer idades
        
        PRESENT
        I ➞ am
        He / She / It ➞ is
        You / we / They ➞ are
        
        QUESTIONS
        Verbo to be antes do sujeiro
        Are you from Brasil?
        
        AFFIRMATIVE
        I am from Brasil.
        
        NEGATIVE
        He is not from Brasil.
        
        Past
        I / he / she / it ➞ was
        you / we / they ➞ were
        
        PAST
        
        PAST CONTINUOS
        
        PAST SIMPLE
        
        o que alguém fez no passado.
        
        IRREGULAR VERBS
        
        REGULAR VERBS
        
        #y 🔄 -ied
        study ➞ studies
        try ➞ tried
        city ➞ cities
        
        exceção
        enjoy ➞ enjoyed
        stay ➞ satyed
        play ➞ played
        
        (sometimes) # V + C ➞ repete a consoante +ed
        stop ➞ stopped
        
        Have ➞ had
        
        adiciona-se -ed
        work ➞ worked
        clean ➞ cleaned
        start ➞ started
        dance ➞ denced
        
        FUTURE
    - - Usos do That
        
        Advérbio/Ênfase
        
        John is not that good
        
        Conjunção integrante
        
        She said that she was tired
        
        Pronome Relativo
        
        This is the book that i mentioned
        
        Pronome Demonstrativo
        
        That man is very smart
      - THIS, THAT, THESE & THOSE
        
        Singular:
        
        Here: This apple 👉🏻🍎
        
        There That apple 👉🏻------------->🍎
        
        Plural:
        
        Here: These beers 👉🏻🍻
        
        There: Those beers 👉🏻------------->🍻
    - - Possessives:
  - - - PREFIXES
        papel predominantemente semântico
      - SUFIXES
        transformar a categoria gramatical das palavras a que se aplicam
        
        NOUN
        
        Noun + ...ful = ADJECTIVE
        (full of, having)
        care(cuidado) ➞ careful (cuidadoso)
        
        Noun + less = ADJECTIVE
        (without)
        care ➞ careless (descuidado)
        
        CONT NOUND
        
        Count Noun + ...ship = NONCOUNT ABSTRACT NOUN
        friend(amigo) ➞ friendship(amizade)
        
        Count Noun + ...hood = NONCOUNT ABSTRACT NOUN
        neighbor(vizinho) ➞ neighborhood(vizinhança)
        
        Count Noun + …ness = NONCOUNT ABSTRACT NOUN
        happy(feliz) ➞ happiness(felicidade)
        
        VERB
        
        VERB + ...tion (...sion) = NOUN
        confirm (confirmar) ➞ confirmation (confirmação)
        
        VERB + ...er = NOUN
        clean (limpar) ➞ cleaner (limpador)
        
        VERB + ...able (...ible) = ADJECTIVE
        believe (acreditar, crer) ➞ believable (acreditável)
        
        VERB + ...ive (...ative) = ADJECTIVE
        communicate (comunicar) ➞ communicative (comunicativo)
        
        ADJECTIVE
        
        Adjetctive + ...ity = ABSTRACT NOUN
        possible (possível) ➞ possibility (possibilidade)
        
        ADJECTIVE + ...ly = ADVERB
        slow (lento) ➞ slowly (lentamente)
    - - Casos especiais
        
        (nem sempre) #V + C ➞ repete-se a consoante e coloca -ing
        
        Stop ➞ Stopping
        
        Run ➞ Running
        
        Get ➞ getting
        
        Swim ➞ Swimming
        
        #-ie ➞ tira-se o -ie ecoloca -ying
        
        Lie ➞ Lying
        
        Die ➞ Dying
        
        #e 🔄 -ing
        
        Dance ➞ Dancing
        
        Write ➞ Writing
        
        Come ➞ Coming
      - Só adiciona -ING
        
        # em C + C ➞ Só adicionar -ing
        
        Help ➞ Helping
        
        Work ➞ Working
        
        #Y ou W não são consideradas consoantes ➞ é só adicionar -ing
        
        enjoy ➞ enjoying
        
        snow ➞ snowing
        
        # V + V + C ➞ Só adicionar *-ing
        
        Need ➞ Needing
        Wait ➞ Waiting