He himself was a great Islamic scholar, he was smart, even though he was a muslim his theory of history applies to all societies. He was born in Tunis in 1332, at that time his father was a scholar, he took care of him in his early education. He memorised the Qur'an, learnt arabic, hadith, learned islamic law, and poetry by the age of 19. Soon he found himself in the world of politics. by 1352 onwards he moved from government to government, city to city. In the capital of morocco "fez" he enjoyed meeting and exchanging views with scholars from all over north africa and Andalusia. His knowledge was recognized everywhere and was given high rank. He also performed Hajj. Then he met Timur, the ruthless mongol, they negociated and timur was impressed by the scholar. BY AFFAN AHMAD