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enslavement and empowerment - Coggle Diagram
enslavement and empowerment
In the 1400s portugal was the first and earliest participant in the transatlantic slave trade
indentured servants
sold their service or loyalty for a certain amount of tme in exchange of a benifit
not a life long status and was not inherited by children
different then chattel enslavement
a system in which individuals become the personal property of and other and can be bought, sold, given, or traded
enslaved status is passed down to children
chattel means personal property
stages
1st stage
2nd stage
3rd stage
raw materials harvested by enslaves people sent from europe from america
middle passage
african people sent to the americas
goods from europe to africa
rebellions
westmoreland slave plot 1687
stono rebellion 1739
bacon rebellion 1676
2nd middle passage
In 1807, congress ended legal participation in the international slave trade
1.2 million enslaved people from the upper south were forcibly moved to the deep south during the first half of the 19th century
we stopped the trade to america but still traded in between america
Culture and Coping
enslaved people could not marry without their enslaver's permission
children were frequently taken away from their parents
religion
plantation owners would encourage religion but then they would make them go to their church in order to control those who the enslaved
many enslaved people also developed their own religious practices
richard allen founded the african methodist episcopal (ame) church in philadelphia in 1816
dance
on ships during the middle passage enslaved people were frequently forced to dance
enslaved africans would continue dancing once they arrived in the US to preserve traditions
once the enslavers realized that the drums and other instruments could be used for communication and they banned instruments
fashion
hair
in early african civilizations, hairstyles could indicate a person's background, tribe, and social status
this part of the identity was taken away on the middle passage
the tigon laws
in cities like new orleans, free women of color would wear their hair in elaborate hairstyles, often adding feathers and jewels
cities implemented laws that required black women to wear a headwrap over their hair
church on sundays were an opportunity for enslaved people to show off their identity and individuality
in larger cities like philly and new york, black women and men used fashion to proclaim their visibility and worth
food
enslavers rationed food to those that they enslaved
in large part, what enslaved people ate depended on their owners
chefs created a mixture of european, african and indigenous cuisines
"receipt books" were the handwritten cookbooks from the 18th and 19th century
song stories and dance
music was an important part of the culture of enslaved people
work songs helped make group task go more smoothly
american jazz, gospel, and blues developed from music created during this time
songs and stories often had hidden messages
"Free"
black people became free in one of three ways
some were freed by their masters
some were descendants of free people
some bough it
free african americans were also active in the abolitionist movement
despite being free, they were not considered citizens
free and fugitive black northerners participated in conventions
in 1835, the american anti-slavery society began a direct mail campaign in the south
in the spring of 1836 the house adopted the Gag rule which required that all pensions dealing with enslavement would be postponed indefinitely