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LOBOTOMISTS Week 20 - Audio lobotomy icepick - Coggle Diagram
LOBOTOMISTS
Week 20 - Audio
WALTER FREEMAN
USA
Lots of persons w
mental illnesses
No cure
Stay in hospital
Created film
Promote lobotomy
Promoted it
in media
Rosemary Kennedy
Permanently disabled
Lack energy
Bad speech
1/20 patients die
1950s
Lobotomy = popular
UK = 1 of highest rate
DEFINITION
Lobotomy
Form of psychosurgery
SCIENCE
At stake
Needs of society
Needs of bureaucracy
Power of personality
Reputation
Press influence
EGAS MONIZ
Lisbon, 1930s
BACKGROUND
Invented cerebral
angiography, 1920s
Portugal's foreign minister
Political career
1935
Rchch cure for
mental illnesses
Compulsive behaviours
Claims 'madness'
is in chemistry of synapses
Poor evidence
Cut those fibres
To cut repetitive ideas
Solitary meditation
Procedure
Drill holes
Remove bits of
the brain
Frontal lobes
Results
Claimed
1/3 improved
1/3 improved a bit
1/3 no worse
1949
Won Nobel Prize
WYLIE MCKISSOCK
London
500 lobotomies
Some dramatic
positive effects
But others worsen
Late 40s
Peak UK
1000 patients
a year
By late 50s
Vanished
Early 50s
1st anti-psychotic drug
Rases questions about
modern practices
Chemotherapy?
Effective but destructive
