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Ethnicity & Differencial Attainment, EVALUATION, EVALUATION, EVALUTION…

- - - - Failure of many black children - lack of motivation / not socialised into maintstream culture :
        •ambition
        •competitiveness
        •willingness to make sacrifices for long term goals
        -> leads to subculture : ‘live for today’ - prevent desire and effort for succes
      - ARNOT(2004) : media encourages subcultures
        ...example ultra tough ghetto superstar reinforced throigh rap lyrics
      - LUPTON (2004) : Adult authority which is similar to how school operate has a knock on effect on a child behaviours in school and their friends achieving higher grades
        ...example Asian families
      - CHUA (2011) : Chinese parents = tiger parents - demand high attainment and don’t accept failure. Asian parents have positive attitudes towards education and are therefore more supportive
    - - Failure to adequately socialise is due to dysfunctional family structure :
        ONS - single parent households
        •48% of black Caribbean
        •36% of black African
        •22% of white
        •15% of Chinese
        •10% of Indians
      - MOYNIHAN - many black families headed by a single mother :
        •boys lack a role model
        •struggle financially ( lack of meal breadwinner )
        Cultural deprivation is a visions cycle where inadequately social ex children fault and school and become inadequate parents
  - - - Ethnic minority groups are more likely to underperform within the education system due to :
        
        • Pakistani / Bangladeshi people - over 3x more likely then white peopel to be in the poorest fith of the population
        
        • Unempliment is 3x higher for African / Bangladeshi / Pakistani people than white people
        
        • 15% of ethnic minorities live in overcrowded households compared to 2% of white
        
        • Pakistani people are 2x more likely to be unskilled or semi-skilled compared to whites
        
        • Ethnic minorities are more like to be engaged in shift work
    - - The ONS (2018) :
        • Every ethnic group eligible for free school meals are less likely to pass maths and English GCSE
        • Due to ethnic minority groups being more likely to be on FMS ( free school meals )they are more likely to underachieve.
      - Indian and white peopl usually have higher social class position than Bangladeshi and Pakistani people who often face higher poverty levels.
    - - Functionalist - material deprivation causes educational failure due to :
        • substandard housing
        • poor diets
        • low income
        More likely amounts ethnic minorities
  - - - •Asians are 50 times more likely to suffer from a racist attack them white people
      - •minorities are more likely to be given substandard accommodation then white people causing resentment to society’s responsible for this
    - - NOON (1993) : sent matched letters of enquiry to the top 100 Uk companies signed by ‘Evans’ and ‘Patel’ in Which the ‘white’ candidate revived a more positive response
        • 1/16 ethnic minority application were offended an interview
        •1/9 white applications were offered an interview
        
        This might leav ethnic minorities demotivated to achieve highly within the education system if they won’t have the same opportunities when they do