Functionalist - material deprivation causes educational failure due to :
• substandard housing
• poor diets
• low income
More likely amounts ethnic minorities

The ONS (2018) :
• Every ethnic group eligible for free school meals are less likely to pass maths and English GCSE
• Due to ethnic minority groups being more likely to be on FMS ( free school meals )they are more likely to underachieve.

Indian and white peopl usually have higher social class position than Bangladeshi and Pakistani people who often face higher poverty levels.

2. Chinese students still perform highly despite being working class suggesting that influence of parenting is more important than material wealth.
   Genders within ethnic groups also influences performance
   ...example black girls have higher educational achievement then black boys

1.GILBORN & MIRZA - class doesn’t override the influence of ethnicity
...example middle class black children still do poorly at GCSE

Failure of many black children - lack of motivation / not socialised into maintstream culture :
•ambition
•competitiveness
•willingness to make sacrifices for long term goals
-> leads to subculture : ‘live for today’ - prevent desire and effort for succes

ARNOT(2004) : media encourages subcultures
...example ultra tough ghetto superstar reinforced throigh rap lyrics

LUPTON (2004) : Adult authority which is similar to how school operate has a knock on effect on a child behaviours in school and their friends achieving higher grades
...example Asian families

CHUA (2011) : Chinese parents = tiger parents - demand high attainment and don’t accept failure. Asian parents have positive attitudes towards education and are therefore more supportive

Failure to adequately socialise is due to dysfunctional family structure :
ONS - single parent households
•48% of black Caribbean
•36% of black African
•22% of white
•15% of Chinese
•10% of Indians

MOYNIHAN - many black families headed by a single mother :
•boys lack a role model
•struggle financially ( lack of meal breadwinner )
Cultural deprivation is a visions cycle where inadequately social ex children fault and school and become inadequate parents

1. DRIVER - Black Caribbean families are functional and do provide positive role models of strong independent women which is why black girls are more successful in the education system

2. EVANS - white working class families underperform due to lack of family support - more single parent families would lead to more underachievement

1. Criticism of Lipton’s study - Pakistani families encourage parental respect which has not heightened this ethnic groups position in achievement tables due to still underperforming relative to other ethnic groups

2. KEDDIE - cultural deprivation is a victim-blaming explanation. Ethnic minorities are culturally differnt not deprived and underachieve because schools are ethnocentric ( favour white people ). Solution is to provide multicultural education

•Asians are 50 times more likely to suffer from a racist attack them white people

•minorities are more likely to be given substandard accommodation then white people causing resentment to society’s responsible for this

1. Equality opportunity policies in work and social life has been passed aswel as in the education system

2. Victims are racism actively change this and work harder to break through society’s barriers