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THE SPANISH HABSBURG DYNASTY, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
THE SPANISH HABSBURG DYNASTY
THE RELIGIOUS WARS
In the 16th century, the Spanish Monarchy became the most powerful in Europe.
Carlos V, or Carlos I of Spain, reigned from 1516 to 1556.
His son Felipe II took over the throne from 1556 to 1598.
Both monarchs belonged to the Habsburg dynasty.
They attempted to exert absolute political authority over Europe.
Pursued similar political objectives.
To retain their territorial patrimony through numerous wars against other kingdoms
The riches obtained from the Americas were not sufficient to finance their foreign policies
They became indebted to Italian and German bankers.
To defend Catholicism
They took measures to preserve religious unity both in their territories and the whole of Europe.
Their domestic policy continued to be discriminatory.
Tthey published the Index of forbidden books.
They also resorted to using the concept of limpieza de sangre.
Prevent the conversos, who were the descendents of Jews and Muslims.
Gaining access to public positions.
Their domestic policy continued to be discriminatory.
Outside Spain, they waged religiously motivated wars against the Protestant states.
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY IN THE 16TH CENTURY
The economy prospered due to the riches obtained from the Americas, especially silver and gold.
The port of Sevilla monopolised trade with the colonies through the Casa de Contratación.
To protect the ships from pirate attacks, Felipe II organised a fleet system
The voyages between the Americas and Sevilla could be made in groups escorted by warships.
The arrival of precious metals on the Peninsula
It enabled the kings to finance the numerous wars
The majority of this wealth ended up outside the Iberian Peninsula.
The arrival of metals enriched the nobility.
Did not invest in production
Therefore, the majority of the population became poorer.
The craft industry began to grow due to an increase in demand from the American territories.
The rise in prices made Spanish products more expensive.
It became cheaper to buy them abroad.
As they had more resources, the monarchs were able to begin more expensive projects.
These resources ran out they resorted to increasing taxes.
These were collected from the peasants and the bourgeoisie.
As the privileged classes did not have to pay them.
At the end of the 16th century, the Spanish economy went into decline
Only small local craft industries.
Which supplied the limited domestic demand, were able to survive.
This fall in production also affected trade
Fewer raw materials were bought and sold and the number of products manufactured decreased.
This economic decline deeply affected society.
The number of people who had to beg to survive increased.
Many joined the clergy to escape poverty.
