Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Hardware and operating systems - Coggle Diagram
Hardware and operating
systems
Computer language and function
ASCII
Computer functions
Software or programs
functions
Output of data using peripheral devices.
Storing data in the storage devices
Input of data using peripheral devices.
Processing data in the central processing unit (CPU), using the microprocessor and the memory
hardware
binary system.
bit (binary digit)
B (byte)
Computer elements
Memory and units of storage
Cache memory
The cache memory stores the data that the microprocessor uses most often
ROM BIOS
the BlOS starts the operating system in the
main memory
RAM
The computer´s main memory is its RAM
Storage devices
Optical discs
Solid-state memory (flash)
Magnetic disks
Motherboard and connecting devices
Connecting external devices
expansioin slot to connect a sound card or a graphics card
Special connectors for devices like hard disk and DVD drives
External port on the side or back of the computers
New devices
Informe sobre nuevos dispositivos (Hermes)
Administrador de dispositivos
Asistente para agregar hardware
Gestor de dispositivos
the motherboard includes the following components
The IDE or ATA and SANTA connectors
The chipset
Slots like PCI or PCI-Express
Various input / output ports
microprocessor
Today's microprocessors can process 64 bits at a time
A microprocessor´s power also depends on its cache memory and the speed at which it communicates with the R.A.M.
The clock rate sets the pace at which processes are completed.
Software and operating systems
programming languages
create other programms and applications
develop new operating systems
process
the operating system finds the application on the hard disk, sends a copy of it to the RAM, and loads it onto the screen
the programm receives data from the keyboard and sends instructions to the microprocessor trought the operating system
the operating system looks for free space on the hard disk and transfers the data from the memory to that space
to print click on Imprimir
the operating system delates the application, from the memory throught not from the hard disk
applications
spreadsheets
presentations
word processors
database management tools
drawing programms
antivirus software
functions of the operating system
manages the microprocessor
manages the memory and storage system
provides and interface or woeking enviroment
allows communication between applications and peripheral devices
operating system
different types of software but all of them need an operating system
find information and manage the files and folders
the first thing that appears when you turn on the computer and the last thing you see when you´re turning it off
Windows operating system
Hard disk maintenance
defragmenting the hard disk
detecting and repairing errors
cleaning the hard disk
Saving power
to do this click on Panel de control---opciones de energía
you can tell your computer to go into standby mode automatically, during a period of inactivity
Installing and uninstalling programs
we can install programs using an installation wizard that guides us trough the process
the agregar o quitar programs tool is very usefull for adding and removing programs
System updates
trough Inicio->Programas->Windows update
Actualizaciones automáticas, vía Inicio->Panel de control->Rendimiento y mantenimiento->Sistema
Linux operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs
linux using the first method
go to the aplicaciones menu and select añadir y quitar, the añadir y quitar aplicaciones window will appear
select the program you want
click on aplicar cambios to apply the changes
confirm the installation by clicking on aplicar
to uninstall the application
go back to Aplicaciones->Añadir y quitar
in Añadir y quitar aplicaciones, select the program and click on Aplicar cambios
the operating system will uninstall the application
linux uses 2 package managers
añadir y quitar in the aplicaciones menu
synaptic package management program
how to keep your system up to date
click on Comprobar, a list of recommended updates will appear
click on Instalar actualizaciones to install the selected updates
open the Gestor de actualizaciones trough Sistema->Administración
Computer networks
elements in a network
the hub distributes all of the information, it can be replaced by a switch
the information travels down a transmission medium
an adaptor or netword card to send and receive information
wireless networks
wireless access points
use electromagnetic waves to transmit data
categories
metropolitan area networks, made up of several LANs
wide area networks, covering a country or continent
local area networks or LANs
ring
star
linear
