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Chapter 39: Epithelial Structures - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 39: Epithelial Structures
Fibers
Collagen
Function to make fibers pliable and provides tensile strength
Composition: thick, tough, fibrous proteins
Elastic
Function: to go back to original shape
Composition: thinner, elastin protein, branch and form network
Reticular
Composition: collagen and glycoprotein
Function: Forms a meshwork to support tissues
Tissue Types
Dense Connective Tissue
Dense Regular
Composition: Composed of mainly collagen and run parallel to each other
Function: Support and transmission of force
Dense Irregular
Composition: collagen fibers
Function: helps to resist force
Elastic
Composition: parallel elastic fibers
Function: Allows structure to return to their original size
Supportive Connective Tissue
Hyaline Cartilage
Composition: Made of collagen
Location: In synovial joins (i.e., shoulder, knee)
Function: Assists in motion of joints and provides support
Fibrocartilage
Composition: thick collagen fibers
Function: absorb shock, protect against compression, strength
Location: knee joint, vertebral discs
Elastic Cartilage
Composition: Thread work of elastic fibers
Function: Provides strength, elasticity, and maintains shape
Location: Within the matrix
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar
Composition: made up of elastic and collagen fibers that run in many directions
Function: provide support and cushioning
Adipose
Composition: made up of non-visible fibers and a limited extracellular matrix, also consists of a large fat vacuole
Function: provides a spot for energy storage, insulation, support
Reticular
Composition: Made of very thin collagen fibers
Function: Supporting internal framework for many organs
Fluid Connective Tissue
Blood
Lymph
Membranes
Mucous Membrane
Define: lines any cavity open to the outside
Example Location: lines around many tracts of the mouth, nose, eyelids, trachea, and lungs
Serous Membrane
Define: lines any internal cavity
Example Location: pleural and pericardial sacs
Cell Shapes
Squamous
Stratified
Function: to provide protection against stress, abrasions, and radiation.
Location: -Keratinized (dry) found in skin
-Non-keratinized (moist) in mouth and esophagus
Structure: flattened cells that are arranged in layers on a basal membrane.
Simple
Function: Rapid diffusion, processes: absorption, filtration, secretion
Location: Glomerulus, Lung (alveolus), blood vessels
Structure Single layer of thin, flat cells
Cuboidal
Simple
Function: Secretion and absorption
Location: Ducts and tubules
Structure: Single layer of cube shaped cells
Stratified
Function: Secretion
Location: In ducts of larger glands (sweat, mammary and salivary)
Structure: 2+ layers of cube shaped cells
Columnar
Simple
Function: Nonciliated (secretion and absorption); ciliated (propulsion/secretion), protection against bacteria in the digestive tract
Location: digestive tract (intestine, stomach, colon, etc)
Structure: Tall columns/cylinders; either ciliated or nonciliated
Stratified
Function: Protection against physical/chemical in delicate structures
Location: mammary glands, male urethra, and larynx
Structure: Layers of columnar cells (elongated/rectangular)
Pseudostratified
Function: 2 different kinds. non-ciliated (absorption and secretion)and ciliated (propulsion).
Location: non-ciliated located in the epididymis and urethra. ciliated located in trachea and bronchi.
Structure:Falsely layered, columnar cells
Transitional
Function: Allows elasticity so the tissue can expand
Location: Bladder and Uterus/upper urethra
Structure: cuboidal or columnar at the base and squamos like top for stretching.
Cell Contacts
Desmosomes
Describe: provides strong adhesion between cells, "spot welds"
Example Location: myocardium; epidermis
Gap Junctions
Describe: connect the cytoplasm of two cells, diffusion of ions between cells, "tunnel"
Example Location: Heart muscle cells, neurons
Tight Junctions
Describe: space between two cells is absent, "water seal"
Example Location: bile ducts in liver
Glands
Endocrine Gland
Define: release material onto a surface or into the body cavity
Characterized by: absence of ducts
Example: pituitary, thyroid, hypothalamus
Exocrine Gland
Define: release material onto a surface or into the body cavity
Characterized by: presence of ducts
Example: sweat glands and salivary glands