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Graphotactic Knowledge, Orthography, Palindromes, Logosyllabic, Homophones…
Graphotactic Knowledge
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Characteristics: Unscrambling letters to identify a word in puzzles. There are 120 possible permutations. Readers use subconscious knowledge to solve the scrambled letters and identify the correct spelling.
Examples: Looking at the mixed letters "g-a-r-i-n" and solving the jumble to identify the word as "grain" 
Non-Examples: Correct spelling of a word, a set of letters that cannot be unscrambled or identified to a word.
Orthography
Definition: A general term used to refer to all aspects of writing, such as spelling, punctuation, spacing, and special features.
Non-examples: Not using all aspects of writing (no punctuation, no italics, bold letters, etc.) in written language.
Using bold or italics in words, using punctuation marks to emphasize the text. For example: "Did he really do that?!?!"
Characteristics: The use of punctuation or special marks to capture intonation features of oral language.
Palindromes
Examples:
Madam I'm Adam
No Lemon, no melon
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Characteristics: The letters in a phrase are the same letters read backward as they are read forward (right to left, left to right).
Non-examples: Common combinations of letters, words that are only spelled the same left to right.
Logosyllabic
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Definition: a term for the syllabic structure of the writing system and the fact that characters or parts of characters may represent objects.
Characteristics: Characters in a writing system used to represent physical objects, such as the sun, love, or sounds.
Examples: Using $ to represent money, using a heart symbol to represent "love" an image of the sun to represent the sun.
Homophones
Examples: Great and Grate, Bear and Bare, Fair and Fare
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Non-examples: Homographic homonyms, words like bat and bear, have two different meanings (the word bat can refer to a baseball bat or the animal.)