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Measurement of Constructs, Types of rating scales, Scaling: the process of…
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Types of rating scales
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Ordinal: measure rank ordered data Ex. ranking students in class first, second, etc. Central tendency can be median or mode
Interval: measures values in range order and equal distance from adjacent attributes Ex. temperature scale Central tendency includes mean, mode and median because it allows examination of how much more one attribute is compared to another
Nominal: (categorical scales) used for variables that have mutually exclusive attributes. Ex. male or female. Offers names or labels to different attribute values. Central tendency is mode
Binary Scales: nominal scales that consist of binary items that assume one of two possible values such as yes or no
Likert Scale: measures ordinal data that can indicate the extent of agreement or disagreement "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree"
Semantic differential scale: measure opinions or feelings toward a single statement using different adjectives as polar opposites
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Scaling: the process of creating indicators. A scale, the empirical structure for measuring items, is the the outcome of scaling
Guttman's cumulative scaling method: assumes people's willingness to participate in relations with other people varying in degrees of intensity. A matrix is created showing all responses through a scalogram
Thurstone's equal appearing scaling method: Unidimensional scaling method that starts with a clear definition of the construct of interest and the median value of each scale item represents the weight for the composite scale at each point on the ruler.
Likert's summative scaling method: assumes equal weight for all items and the responses can be summed to create a composite score
Conceptualization: a mental process that defines constructs and the components in concrete and precise terms
Unidimensional: constructs that are expected to have a single underlying dimension and can be measured using a single measure or test. Ex: a person's weight
Multidimensional: constructs that consist of two or more underlying dimensions and each dimension is measured separately using different tests. The scores are combined to create an overall value. Ex. academic aptitude with math and verbal ability
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Process of creating an index: 1. conceptualize (define) the index and the components 2. operationalize and measure each component 3. create a rule or formula to calculate the index score 4. validate the index score using new or existing data