Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Explanations of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders - Coggle Diagram
Explanations of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders
Biomedical
Biochemical (Leckman)
High levels of oxytocin can lead to distrust or fear of certain stimuli that pose a threat to survival
Leckman found that oxytocin is higher in patients with OCD and positive correlation with oxytocin and frequency of repetitive behaviour
Neurological
Abnormality in brain structure can make the basal ganglia, orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus loop to not work properly
The basal ganglia continues to receive constant worrying messages which leads to obsessive thinking of OCD
Genetic (Mattheisen)
People with OCD inherit specific genes that cause OCD
2 genes (PTPRD and SLITRK3) help regulate synapses in the brain
Abnormality in DRD-4 (dopamine receptor) which leads to high levels of dopamine
SERT (serotonin transporter) gene can cause low levels of serotonin
Matthesian conducted a study with 1406 participants, some with OCD and others without to identify genes related to OCD
Cognitive and behavioural
Obsessive thinking is based on faulty reasoning (eg: belief that hands are covered in germs that can kill).
Compulsions are the result of faulty thinking in order to alleviate anxiety
Operant conditioning can explain OCD
Negative reinforcement - handwashing alleviates anxiety of unclean hands
Positive Reinforcement - The person feels rewarded to know that they have cleaner hands
Psychodynamic (Freud)
Tension between parents and children as some parents want to control when their child urinates
Child may soil themselves to gain control (anally explosive behaviour)
Leads to being messy and careless
Child may fear responses from their parents and retain their faeces or urine to regain control (anally retentive behaviour)
Leads to need for order and tidiness
Anally explosive/retentive children become fixated in the anal stage
OCD symptoms results due to internal conflict between the id and the ego
The conflict arises in the anal stage of psychosexual development (toilet training)
Obsessive thoughts come from the id that disturbs rational thinking of the ego which leads to compulsive behaviour to deal with childhood trauma