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Health and Disease - Coggle Diagram
Health and Disease
How to prevent diseases
Method - Sterilising water Example - Cholera How it works - Chemicals or UV light kill pathogens in unclean water.
Method - Suitable hygiene: food Example - Salmonella How it works - Cooking foods thoroughly and preparing them in hygienic conditions kills pathogens.
Method - Suitable hygiene: personal Example - Athlete's foot How it works - Washing surfaces with disinfectants kills pathogens. Treating existing cases of infection kills pathogens.
Method - Vaccination Example - Tuberculosis How it works - Immunisations introduce a small or weakened version of a pathogen into your body, and the immune system learns how to defend itself.
Method - Contraception Example - HIV/AIDS How it works - By using barrier contraception like condoms, it stops the transfer of bodily fluids and sexually transmitted diseases.
Pathogens
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All types of pathogen have a simple life cycle. They infect a host, reproduce themselves or replicate if it is a virus, spread from their host and infect other organisms. They also all have structural adaptations that make them successful at completing their life cycles, which enable them to cause more disease.
Diseases caused by pathogens are called communicable diseases. This means the disease can be transferred from an infected organism to another organism.
There are other types of disease which cannot be passed from organism to organism. These are called non-communicable diseases:
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Deficiency diseases which are caused by a lack of essential vitamins or minerals, such as scurvy which occurs when an individual has insufficient vitamin C.
Diseases like cancer that develop as a result of exposure to carcinogens or develop naturally as cell division occurs incorrectly.
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Transmission
Transmission can occur in a number of important ways, as shown in the table below