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THE PROTESTAN REFORMATION, image, image, image, image, image, image, image…
THE PROTESTAN REFORMATION
CAUSES
The low clergy's lack of training
The bad example set by the high clergy
The church's wealth
The buying and selling of ecclesiastical positions
The sale of indulgences
LUTHER'S BREAK FROM ROME
The German priest Martin Luther was scandalised by the amount of corruption in the Church
He published 95 Theses
criticising the sale of indulgences and other bad practices carried out by the ecclesiastical hierarchy
In 1517
This marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation
Main principals ideas of Luther
Free interpretation of the Bible
Priests should be abolished because anyone could read and interpret the Bible in their own way
he initiated the translation of the holy book into various languages
orgiveness and salvation do not depend on the good deeds a person does in life, but on faith and God's will
Rejection of the veneration of the Virgin Mary, saints and holy relics
Opposition to the Church owning property
support for the nobles taking over the Church's possessions
1521
The Pope demands that Luther retracts his writings at the Diet of Worms
When he refuses, he is excommunicated and expelled from the Empire
1536
Lutheranism spreads to Denmark and Norway
1559-1562
Eradication of the Lutheran groups in Spain
1522
Luther translates the Bible into German
WHAT WAS THAT?
It began in the firts half of the 16th century
It was a religious movement
It instigated the division of the Christian Church and the founding of protestant churches
THE SPREAD OF THE REFORMATION
Lutheranism spread rapidly across northern Europe
The movement also diversified and other reformers appeared with new doctrines
Ultricht Zwingli
He was a Swiss pastor who founded the Reformed Church in the city of Zurich
His doctrine rejected the authority of the Pope and proposed abolishing religious imagery and celibacy among priests
John Calvin
He was a French theologian who spread a type of Protestantism from Geneva in Switzerland
His beliefs were based on predestination, meaning that people were destined for salvation or damnation from birth
The Pope would not give his consent for King Henry VIII to divorce Catherine of Aragón
in 1534 he broke with the Catholic Church and the Act of Supremacy was passed
under which he appointed himself head of the Church of England or Anglican Church
