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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION - Coggle Diagram
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
LUTHER'S BREAK FROM ROME
1517 Luther publishes 95 Theses.
criticising the sale of indulgences and other bad practices carried out by the ecclesiastical hierarchy
This marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
His main principles were:
Fotgiveness and salvation ins't about how many did you pay but on faith and God's will
Rejection of the veneration of the Virgin Mary, saints and holy relics. Rejection of the sacraments, except for baptism and the Eucharist
Free interpretation of the Bible
Opposition to the Church owning property and support for the nobles taking over the Church's possessions
Main date
1521
The Pope demands that Luther retracts his writings at the Diet of Worms. When he refuses, he is excommunicated and expelled from the Empire.
1517
Luther publishes 95 Theses.
1522
Luther translates the Bible into German
1536
Lutheranism spreads to Denmark and Norway.
1559-1562
Eradication of the Lutheran groups in Spain
CAUSES
The church's wealth
The high clergy lived a life of luxury.
The church possessed extensive lands and taxed the humble population
It also obtained income by carrying out religious sacraments and from the veneration of holy relics
he buying and selling of ecclesiastical positions
It was a way of getting rich
These positions provided an income and economic rights.
The bad example set by the high clergy
The majority of those at the top of the hierarchy occupied positions for their own gain
They did not respect the customs or morals that they preached
The sale of indulgences
When the church needed money
It sold indulgences, through which it helped believers to be forgiven for their sins
The low clergy's lack of training
The church hierarchy did not give much importance to the training of its priests
Many of them did not behave appropriately
THE SPREAD OF REFORMATION
John Calvin
Was a French theologian who spread a type of Protestantism from Geneva in Switzerland
His beliefs were based on predestination
meaning that people were destined for salvation or damnation from birth
Calvinism spread
The Pope would not give his consent for King Henry VIII to divorce Catherine of Aragón
In 1534
He broke with the Catholic Church and the Act of Supremacy was passed
Under which he appointed himself head of the Church of England or Anglican Church
Ultricht Zwingli
Was a Swiss pastor who founded the Reformed Church in the city of Zurich
His doctrine rejected the authority of the Pope and proposed abolishing religious imagery and celibacy among priests
The Reformation was a religious movement which began in the first half of the 16th century.