Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
:hammer_and_wrench:The protestant reformation:hammer_and_wrench: - Coggle…
:hammer_and_wrench:The protestant reformation:hammer_and_wrench:
The
Reformation
was a religious movement that began in
the first half of the 16th century
. It instigated the
division of the Christian Church
and the
founding of protestant churches
Luther's break from Rome
The German priest
Martin Luther
was scandalised by the amount of
corruption
in the
Church
. He published
95 Theses
in
1517
, criticising the
bad practices
carried out by the ecclesiastical hierarchy. This marked the beginning of the
Protestant Reformation
Luther continued to
criticise the Church
and develop his ideas, resulting in the
Lutheran doctrine
. His main principles were:
Forgiveness
and
salvation
do
not
depend on the good deeds a person does in life, but on
faith
and
God's will
Rejection
of the
veneration
of the
Virgin Mary
,
saints
and
holy relics
Free interpretation of the Bible
:
Priests should be
abolished
because anyone could
read
and
interpret
the Bible in their
own way
. Therefore, he initiated the
translation
of the holy book into
various languages
Opposition
to the
Church
owning property and
support
for the
nobles
taking over the
Church's possessions
Rejection of the sacraments, except for baptism and the Eucharist
The spread of the reformation
Lutheranism spread
rapidly
across
northern Europe
. The movement also
diversified
and
other reformers
appeared with
new doctrines
:
John Calvin
was a
French theologian
who spread a type of Protestantism from Switzerland
His beliefs were based on
predestination
, meaning that people were destined for
salvation
or
damnation
from
birth
In 1534
King Henry VIII
broke with the Catholic Church and he
appointed himself
head of the
Church of England
or
Anglican Church
Ultricht Zwingli
was a
Swiss pastor
who founded the
Reformed Church
in Zurich
His doctrine
rejected
the authority of the Pope and proposed
abolishing religious imagery
and
celibacy
between priests
Causes
The church's
wealth
The church possessed
extensive lands
and
taxed
the
humble population
The
bad example
set by the
high clergy
The
majority
of those at the top of the hierarchy occupied
positions
for their
own gain
, and
didn't respect
the
customs or morals
that
they preached
The
low clergy's lack of training
The church hierarchy
didn't give
much
importance
to the
training of its priests
, and many of them
behaved badly
The
buying and selling
of
ecclesiastical positions
These positions provided economic rights, and were therefore a way of getting rich
The
sale
of
Indulgences
When the church
needed money
, it
sold indulgences
, which
helped believers
to be
forgiven
for their
sins