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Europe in the age of Carlos V and Felipe II, image, image, image, image,…
Europe in the age of Carlos V and Felipe II
The protestant reformation
was a religious movement
which began in the first half of the 16th century.
causes
The low clergy's lack of training.
The church hierarchy did not give much importance to the training of its priests.
many of them did not behave appropriately
The bad example set by the high clergy
those at the top of the hierarchy occupied positions for their own gain
did not respect the customs or morals that they preached.
The church's wealth.
The high clergy lived a life of luxury.
The church possessed extensive lands and taxed the humble population
The buying and selling of ecclesiastical positions.
These positions provided an income and economic rights
The sale of indulgences
When the church needed money
it sold indulgences
which it helped believers to be forgiven for their sins
These circumstances angered the majority of believers.
Many peasant revolts occurred
The humanists denounced the bad practices
no action was taken to resolve the situation.
Luther's break from Rome
Martin Luther was scandalised by the amount of corruption in the Church
published 95 Theses in 1517
criticising the sale of indulgences
other bad practices carried out by the ecclesiastical hierarchy.
This marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
Luther continued to criticise the Church and develop his ideas, resulting in the Lutheran doctrine.
His main principles were
Free interpretation of the Bible.
anyone could read and interpret the Bible in their own way
he initiated the translation of the holy book into various languages
Forgiveness and salvation do not depend on the good deeds a person does in life
but on faith and God's will
Rejection of the veneration of the Virgin Mary, saints and holy relics
Rejection of the sacraments, except for baptism and the Eucharist
Opposition to the Church owning property and support for the nobles taking over the Church's possessions
important dates
1517
1521
1522
1536
1559-1562
Eradication of the Lutheran groups in Spain.
Lutheranism spreads to Denmark and Norway.
Luther translates the Bible into German.
The Pope demands that Luther retracts his writings at the Diet of Worms.
he is excommunicated and expelled from the Empire.
Luther publishes 95 Theses.
The spread of the Reformation
Lutheranism spread rapidly across northern Europe
reformers appeared with new doctrines
Ultricht Zwingli
founded the Reformed Church in the city of Zurich
His doctrine rejected the authority of the Pope
proposed abolishing religious imagery and celibacy among priests.
was a Swiss pasto
John Calvin
was a French theologian
spread a type of Protestantism from
in
His beliefs were based on predestination
people were destined for salvation or damnation from birth
Calvinism spread across
The Pope would not give his consent for King Henry VIII to divorce Catherine of Aragón
in 1534 he broke with the Catholic Church
the Act of Supremacy was passed
