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Mutations By: Nicolas Cepeda Ramos - Coggle Diagram
Mutations By: Nicolas Cepeda Ramos
What are mutations
A change of genetic material.
Biomolecule called nucleic acid
DNA
RNA
Mutations are random
Divisions for mutations
Harmful
Benefitial
Neutral or "Silent" mutation
Makes a change in the codon, but it does not affect the amino acids production
They may occur because:
External factors
Some sorts of chemicals
Excess of radiations
Internal factors
Problems in the DNA replication process
Where they can mostly occur
Meiosis
The chromosomes do not separate correctly
Nondisjunction
Dna replication
Gene mutation
Change in one or more DNA bases
Different proteins produced
Affect the organisms traits
There are types of gene mutation
Insertion
An extra DNA base is inserted in a place where it is not necesary
Deletion
A DNA Base is deleted from its original place.
Substitution
Substitute a DNA base from the original
Frameshit mutation
Mostly in insertion and deletion
When a nucleotide is added or removed
would create a disorder and the nucleotides that goes afterwards would get affected
Chromosome mutation
Inversion
When a broken chromosome reverses and returns to the chromosome
Deletion
Some of the genetic material is deleted and the chromosome breaks down.
Translocation
When a chromosome breaks off and it joins with another chromosome.
Duplication
Extra copies of genes generated
Mutations for offsprins???
Sexual reproduction
Inherited only if the mutation is in the genetic material
Asexually
When division
Daughter can inherit the mutation
Sickle cell anemia example
Gene that codes for hemoglobin is mutated
If inherited from the two parents
the disorder could occur
Red blood cell figure cell change and it could cause anemia
If only inherited by one parent
You convert into a carrier
protective effects against malaria.