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Osteoarthritis - Coggle Diagram
Osteoarthritis
Manifestations
Pain with activity that improves with rest
Joint pain and stiffness
Pain with joint palpation or ROM
Crepitus in one or more affected joints
Enlarged joint
Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes
Inflammation of joints
Joint effusion (excess joint fluid)
Limping gait
Back pain (d/t OA of the spine)
Decrease in height
Dowager hump
Risk Factors
Aging
Genetic factors
Obesity
Joint injury
Metabolic disorders
Female sex
Long-term calcium deficiency
Collaborative Treatment
Encourage joint saving measures (ie. good body mechanics)
Maintain healthy weight
Well-fitting shoes to prevent falls
Assistive or adaptive devices
Cold therapy
Physical therapy
Total joint arthroplasty or replacement
Causes
Cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time
Pathogenesis is unclear
Cartilage destruction outweighs the production
Cartilage and bone beneath cartilage erode and joint spaces narrow
Complications
Fractures
Bone death
Deterioration of tendons and ligaments around joint
Diagnostics
Radiographs (x-ray)
CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging