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BUSINESS MANAGEMENT - Coggle Diagram
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Unit 3: FINANCE
3.5 Profitability and liquidity
Liquidity ratios
Current ratio
Acid ratio
Profitability ratios
Net profit margin
ROCE
Gross profit margin
3.6 Efficiency ratio analysis
Creditor days
Gearing ratio
Stock turnover ratio
Debtor days
3.4 Final accounts
Limitations of accounting information
Principles and ethics of accounting
Stakeholders as account users
Internal stakeholders
External stakeholders
Main accounts
Profit and Loss
Balance sheet
Intangible assets
Depreciation of assets
3.7 Cash flow
Cash inflow
Cash outlfow
Working capital
3.3 Break-even analysis
3.8 Investment appraisal
ARR
Discounting
Payback period
NPV
3.2 Costs and revenues
Indirect costs
Fixed costs
Direct costs
Variable costs
Semi-variable costs
Revenues
3.9 Budgeting
Cost and profit centres
Variance analysis
Preparation of budgets
3.1 Sources of finance
Internal or external?
Internal capital
Retained profits
Sale of assets
Personal funds
External capital
Long-term finance
Bonds
Sale of shares
Long-term loans
Grants
Venture capital
Business angels
Subsidies
Microfinance
Medium-term finance
Medium-term bank loan
Hire purchase and leasing (SLB)
Short-term finance
Trade credit
Bank overdrafts
Debt factoring
Working capital
Start-up capital
Unit 4: MARKETING
4.5 The 4 Ps
Product
BCG
PLC
Branding
Packaging
Place
Price
Penetration
Skimming
Cost-plus
Pshychological
Loss leader
Price discrimination
Promotional
Predatory
Promotion
Leow-the-line
Promotion mix
Above-the-line
Guerilla marketing
4.6 The 7 Ps
Process
Physical evidence
People
4.4 Market research
Secondary research
Market intelligence reports
Journals
Gov. publications
Libraries
Trade organisations
Media reports
Company records
Internet
Sample
Random sampling
Stratified sampling
Quota sampling
Cluster sampling
Size
Snowball sampling
Primary research
Questionnaire
Interviews
Surveys
Focus groups
Observations
test marketing
4.7 International marketing
Joint ventures
Licensing
International franchising
Subsidiaries
Direct exporting
4.3 Sales forecasting
Extrapolation
Moving averages
E-commerce
B2B
B2C
4.2 Marketing planning
Positioning
USP
Segmentation
4.1 The role of marketing
Characteristics
Segmentation
Homogeneous vs differentiated products
Competitors / ease of entry
Market growth
Market size
Market share
Unit 1: BUSINESS ORGANISATION & ENVIRONMENT
1.4 Stakeholders
Internal
External
Conflict
1.5 External environment
STEEPLE analysis
1.3 Organisational objectives
Statement
Mission
Visio
Aims
Corporate aims
Profit satisficing
Growth
Profit maximisation
Increasing market share
Survival
Maximising S/T revenues
Maximising shareholder value
Operational
CSR
SWOT analysis
Ansoff matrix
1.6 Growth and evolution
Economies of scale
Diseconomies of scale
Growth
Internal
External
Integration
Vertical forward
Conglomerate
Vertical backward
Horizontal
Joint vantures
Strategic alliances
Franchising
MNCs
1.2 Types of organisations
Profit-based private enterprises
Partnership
Limited company
Private (Ltd)
Public (plc)
Sole trader
Profit-based social enterprises
Social enterprises
Cooperatives
Microfinance institutions
Public-private partnership (PPP)
Sectors
Private
Public
Non-profit social enterprises
NGOs
Charities
1.7 Organisational planning tools
Decision tree
Lewin's force-field analysis
Fishbone diagram
Gantt charts
1.1 Introduction
Factors
Land
Capital
Labour
Entrepreneurship
Business functions
HRM
Finance
Marketing
Operations
Goods
Consumer services
Capital goods
Consumer goods
Economic sectors
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
Steps in starting a business
Problems of strat-ups
Business plans
Unit 5: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
5.5 Production planning
Optimum order size (EOQ)
Stock control charts
Stock-holding costs
Wastage and obsolescence
Lost sales
Storage cost
Idle production
Opportunity cost
Expensive special orders
Small order quantities
Capacity utilisation
Excess capacity
Capacity shortage
Full capacity
Productivity
Make-or-buy decision
5.6 R&D
Disadvantages
Advantages
Intellectual property rights
Types of innovation
Process innovation
Positioning innovation
Product innovation
Paradigm innovation
5.4 Location
Factors affecting location decision
Quantitative factors
Transport costs
Market potential
Labour costs
Site costs
Qualitative factors
Labour supply
Ethical considerations
Managers' preferences
Environmental concerns
Room for further expansion
Infrastructure
Safety
Reorganising production
Subcontracting
Offshoring
Outsourcing
Insourcing
Inshoring
5.7 Crisis management
5.3 Lean production and Quality management
Kanban
Andon
JIT
Cradle-to-cradle
Kaizen (continuous improvement)
Quality
Quality assurance
Benchmarking
Quality control
TQM
Greater efficiency
Less waste
5.2 Production methods
Batch
Job
Flow
Process
Cell
5.1 The role of OM
Flexibility and innovation
Quality
Efficiency or production
Resources
Land
Labour
Capital
Sustainability
Ecological
Social
Economic
Unit 2: HRM
2.3 Leadership
Leadership styles
Autocratic
Paternalistic
Demogratic
Laissez-faire
Situational
Mintzberg's management roles
2.4 Motivation
Motivation theories
Maslow
Herzberg
Taylor
Adams
Daniel Pink
Payment systems
Salary
Hourly wage rate
Piece rate
Commission
Performance-related pay (PRP)
Profit-related pay
Employee share-ownership schemes
Perks
Non-financial methods
Job rotation
Team working
Job enrichment
Job enlargement
Empowerment
2.2 Organisational structure
Delegation and accountability
Delayering
Levels of hierarchy
Hierarchy structure
by function
by region
by product
Business communication
2.5 Organisational culture
Role culture
Task culture
Power culture
Person culture
Entrepreneurial culture
2.1 Functions and evolutions
Labour turnover
Labour mobility
Recruitment
Training
Employee appraisal
Dismissal
Redundancies
HR outsourcing, offshoring and inshoring
2.6 Industrial/employee relations
Employee representatives
Collective bargaining
Trade unions
Conflict resolution
Single-union agreement
No-strike agreements
Conciliation and arbitration