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SEPERATING MIXTURES - Coggle Diagram
SEPERATING MIXTURES
Decanting
when mixtures have sediment
liquid is poured out of the container
without disturbing the bottom sediment
Filtration
separate insoluble solid and liquid
filter paper is made of
mesh
fibres
solids cannot pass through
Fast filter
buchner funnel
has holes
filter paper is placed over the holes
fastened onto the top of flask
flask
connected to a suction pump
draws air out of flask
Process
mixture poured into flask
suction pump switched on
air pressure inside flask reduced
higher air pressure above flask pushed on it
speed up filtration
Centrifuge
Very small insoluble particles in a liquid
electric motor which spins several tubes
mounted on a central shaft
test tube are balanced by having same amount of liquid inside
small particles pushed to bottom of tubes
form sediment
liquid decanted
Evaporation
separate solute from solvent
solution heated
water evaporates and leaves solute behind
Crystallisation
for concentrated solution
solution heated GENTLY
solvent evaporates until cannot hold the solute
remain solution left to cool until forms crystals
Chromatography
Draw line using pencil at the bottom of paper
drop of ink is placed in the center of the line
put in a beaker of water
water cannot touch the line
water dissolves
coloured pigments spread out through paper
each type of pigment moves at different speed
pigments vary
solubility
tendency to stick to paper
Distillation
simple distilation
separate solvent from distillation
solution heated
solvent vapour evaporates from solution
gas cooled and condensed
remaining solute becomes concentrated
works because solute have higher boiling point than solvent
Fractional distillation
separate different liquids from mixture of liquids
when mixture heated
vapour rises from mixture to a colume
the column is hot at the bottom and cold at the top
vapour condensed when reached a cold part of column
that the temperature is below their boiling point
liquid flows out of column
works because different liquid have different boiling points
collecting liquids
liquids collected from different parts of column
lowest boiling point liquid at the top
highest boiling point liquid at bottom
continuing to heat the mixture
temperature in column increased
lowest boiling point liquid collected first
