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DNA structures, Horizontal: Resolvase binds to the holiday junction of the…
DNA structures
Holiday Junction
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Formed during the process of recombination, two double stranded DNA become separated into four different strands to exchange segments of genetic information. Arranged in antiparallel alignment of DNA strands
The highly homologous strands exchange segments of genetic information through cutting and ligating of DNA strands, complementary segments then bind together
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DNA hairpins
Formed from single stranded nucleic acids, DNA hairpins are a result of the DNA strand containing complementary bases appearing earlier in the strand and later in the strand
The complementary bases bind to each other causing a fold in the strand
Role of DNA hairpins:
Affect transcription termination in prokaryotes
Hairpins formed during replication are a result of discontinuous replication of the lagging strand or gaps on the single stranded DNA caused by lesion bypass
Two hairpin loops
Doubles stranded DNA hairpins also known as Cruciform
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G-Quadraplex
Commonly found on the end of chromosomes(telomeres) usually 5' UTR or promoter region of the gene sequence
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Guanine rich regions form four quadruplex structures, four parallel DNA strands with trinucleotide loops positioned on the exterior of the quadruplex core
Multiple G-quartet make a G-quadruplex, stabilized by guanine bases having hydrogen bonds with each other with a monovalent ion at the center making a electrostatic interaction with guanine, it also is stabilized by hoogsteen bonds
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