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Richards and Rodgers (1986): METHODS (the level at which theories are put…
Richards and Rodgers (1986):
METHODS
(the level at which theories are put into practice)
include 3 dimensions
APPROACH
a THEORY on the NATURE of language and on language LEARNING and TEACHING
provides THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS
PROCEDURE
the classroom practices and techniques implemented when using the method
Harmer (2001) "an ordered set of techniques"
practices and behaviours that operate according to a particular method
DESIGN
the general and specific OBJECTIVES of the method:
the types of learning and teaching activities
learner and teacher roles
the syllabus
a language program
roles of materials
different from
METHODOLOGY
(the ASSUMPTIONS underlying a study)
the study of pedagogical practices
they are the practical implementation of the APPROACH
APPROACH
METHOD
PROCEDURE
TECHNIQUE