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Chapter 4" Theories in Scientific Research" - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4" Theories in Scientific Research"
Theories require explanations, and they require causations that then require three conditions and they are 1. correlations between two constructs 2.temporal precedence 3. rejection of alternative hypotheses
Explanations can be idiographical or nomotheic
Nomothetic is the oposite of idiographical and seeks to explain multiple situations idiographical only explain a single situation
" All theories are constrained by assumptions about values, times, and space and boundary conditions that govern where the theory can be applied and where it cant be applied" (Bhattacherjee, 2012).
The text explains that there are four attributes to a good theory.
Explanatory Power how much does this theory explain reality
Falsifiability ensures that theory is potentially disprovable, if empirical testing by researchers.
Logical Consistency does the constructs, prepositions and boundary conditions all flow together in a logical concept.
Parsimony focuses on the fact that a researcher would take only a few varibles into account when creating theory not looking at big picture.
There are four approaches to theories
Second is to conduct a bottom-up conceptual analysis to identify different sets of predictors
Agency Theory- used to explain the relationship between two parties who' s goals are not contingent with one another.
Theory of Planned Behavior- the theory of human behavior used to study a wide range of individual behaviors
Innovation Diffusion theory- explains how innovations are used within a population of potential adopters. Has four key components innovations, communication channels, time, and social systems.
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Third is to extend or modify existing theories to explain new context
First approach is to build theories inductively based on patterns of events and behaviors.
Fourth is to apply existing theories in entirely new contexts by drawing up similarities