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types of ROM Exs - Coggle Diagram
types of ROM Exs
1.passive ROM
def
- is movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by:
an external force
- There is no voluntary muscle contraction
- The external force may be from
- gravity
- a machine
- another person
- or another part of the individual’s own body
indications:
- in the region where there is acute
- when a patient is not able to/nt supposed to actively move a segment/segments of the body
- teach active or resistive exercises
- to produce relaxation
goals:
- maintain jnt & conn tissue mobility
- minimize the effects of the formation of contractures
- maintain mechanical elasticity of ms.
- Assist circulation & vascular dynamics.enhance synovial movem for cartilage nutrition & diffusion of materials in the jnt.
- Decr or inhibit pain
- Assist with the healing process after inj/surgery
- Help maintain the patient’s awareness of movement.
limitations:
- prevent muscle atrophy
- incr strength/endurance
- assist circulation to the extent that active voluntary ms contraction does.
Modes:
- pulleys
- CPM devices
- Family members or various household objects such as the floor, counters or chairs
Techniques:
- When active ms contraction is contraindicated, positioning & handling should allow the patient to fully relax.
- Proper positioning allows adequate stabilization while the clinician’s hand control provides hand stabilization & command of the affected limb.
- The clinician should use a grip that provides control but considers the patient’s condition.
- ROM should be performed at a smooth & steady pace, avoiding abrupt movements or excessive speed that may cause protective ms contraction
- The clinician should always monitor the patient’s response & be flexible enough to modify the technique when necessary.
Dosage:
- The ex dosage will vary with the purpose of ex.
- The vol of exercise should be sufficient to achieve the physical therapy goals without overloading the tissues, particularly when performed during the healing process.
- It is best to perform fewer repetitions of an ex, & return to that Ex performing additional set(s) of the Ex as the patient tolerates.
2.Active ROM
def
- Is movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced by:
-Active contraction of the muscles crossing that joint
- • is defined as mobility activities performed by active ms contraction
• when a patient is able to contract the muscles actively & move a segment with or without assistance, AROM is used.
• When a seg of the body is immobilized for a period of time, AROM is used on the regions above & below the immobilized seg to maintain the areas in as normal a condition as possible & to prepare for nor activities such as walking with crutches.
• AROM can be used for aerobic conditioning programs & is used to relive stress frm sustained postures.
indications:
- is indicated when muscle contraction is desired
Techniques:
1.prior to performing AROM, ensure that muscle activation is warranted,
& determine any precautions
- the therapist should demonstrate the exercise to be performed
- the speed, ROM, posture & other imp aspects of exercise performance should be monitored & explained to the patient
- biofeedback.
Dosage:
- Depends on the purpose of the activity
• When using ROM to incr mobility, the exercise is typically dosed by the goal
(ie, continue repetitions until a ROM is achieved)
o or by the volume (ie, no of reps x no.of sets)
• when performing AROM as part of a strengthening routine, typical strengthening dosages should be implemented (till fatigue, & then additional sets)
.
3.active-assistive ROM
def
- Is a type of AROM that is:
-manually or mechanically by an outside force
-because the prime mover muscle need assistance to complete
- AAROM can be defined as mobility activities in which some muscle activation takes place.
- AAROM is used when some muscle activation through ROM is allowed or desired,
but the patient requires some assistance to complete the ROM.
- AAROM is frequently used to initiate gentle muscle activity after
musculotendinous surgical procedures such as rotator cuff or Achilles tendon repairs.
indications:
- For patients who are unable to complete the ROM actively due to weakness resulting frm
o Trauma
o Neurologic injury
o Muscular or neuromuscular disease
o Post-surgery early healing phase or pain
Eg:
-post rotator cuff repair
- hemiparesis
-Achilles tendon repair
goals:
- Same as those accomplished with PROM
• prevention of the negative effects of immobilization
• prevention of jnt contractures & soft tissue tightness
• decrd pain, & enhancement of vascular dynamics & synovial diffusion.
limitations:
- prevent muscle atrophy
- incr strength/endurance
- assist circulation to the extent that active voluntary ms contraction does.
Advantages
- • active ms contraction significantly incrs circulation
• the pull of ms on it’s bony attachments is a stimulus for bone activity while eliciting ms activity.
• Active ms contraction also assists in proprioception & kinesthesia, enhancing the person’s awareness of his position in space.
Techniques:
- • Hand placement & cueing.
• Tactile cueing should be on one side of the joint rather than using a grip on the flexor & extensor surfaces
.