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Question n. 46 How are cellular components targeted and distributed to …

- - - - Interaction with translocator and
        translocation of precursor protein
        through ATP hydrolysis
        
        Cleavage of signal sequence and
        folding of mature protein
  - - - TIM
        (Translocator of Inner Membrane)
    - - TOM
        (Translocator of Outer Membrane)
- - - - Recognition of ER SP (Signal Peptide)
        by SRP (Signal Recognition Particle),
        activated by switch from GDP to GTP
        
        Binding of SRP to complex
        ribosome-nascent polypeptide chain
        
        Stop of polypeptide syntheisis
        and transport of the complex to ER
        
        Recognition of complex by
        SRP receptor on ER membrane,
        activated by switch from GDP to GTP
        
        Attachment of ribosome to translocon (Sec-61 complex),
        release of SRP and SRP receptor (hydrolysis of GTP to GDP)
        and opening of translocon
        
        Insertion of nascent polypeptide in ER
        and restart of polypeptide synthesis
        
        1 more item...
  - - - Recognition of protein and
        translocation on ER surface
        
        Assembly of Sec-61 complex with
        additional Sec-62, Sec-63,
        Sec-71 and Sec-72
        
        Opening of translocon
        
        Pulling of the protein inside ER lumen by
        ATP-driven cycles of BiP binding and release
  - - - Synthesis of protein
        by free ribosome
        
        Recognition of ER retention signal
        by pre-targeting complex
        
        Attachment of hydrophobic C-terminal α-helix
        to Get3 ATPase
        
        Bindinf of this complex
        to Get1– Get2 receptor complex
        on ER membrane
        
        Hydrolysis of Get3 bound ATP
        
        Release by receptor and
        insertion of protein into ER membrane
      - ER retention signal
        
        inside the primary structure
        
        Double pass transmembrane protein
        
        at N-terminus
        
        Single pass transmembrane protein
    - - Secretory pathway
        
        Lysosomes
        
        Plasma membrane
        
        Golgi apparatus
        
        Outside of cell
        
        Peroxysomes
- - - - Trasnport to nucleus and
        interaction with nuclear pore complex
        
        Entering of importin-protein
        complex in nucleus
        
        Binding of complex to Ran-GTP
        in the presence of GEF and release of protein
        
        Arrival of protein
        in its final destination
        
        Exit of importin-Ran-GTP from the nucleus
        through nuclear pore complex
        
        Hydrolysis of Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP
        in the presence of GAP and dissociation from importin