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ENZYME & METABOLISM - Coggle Diagram

- - - - adds or remove H, it will disrupts bonds and it's 3d shape, denaturation
- - - - small, non protein organic molecules
      - bind loosely and temporarily to the active site of enzyme
      - readily detach and transfer chemical groups or one electron to other enzyme
      - eg ; NAD+
    - - non-protein component of a conjugated protein
      - organic molecule - vitamin, sugar, lipid
      - inorganic molecule -metal ion
      - APOENZYME - enzyme without prosthetic group
      - HOLOENZYME - enzyme combined with prosthethid group
    - - bind loosely to the enzyme
      - may attached loosely and temporarily to enzyme and mould the enzyme into shape
      - ion may bind the enzyme to substrate
- - - - DEFINITION
        
        substance that from bonds with enzymes making them inactive
      - DESCRIPTION
        
        usually bind permanently to the active site of enzyme and altering its active site making it inactive (denature)
        
        cannot be reversed
        
        modify xertain side chains at active sites, ruining the enzymes by destroying their function as a catalyst
        
        eg : cyanide, mercury, silver and arsenic
    - - occurs when an inhibitor binds loosely and temporarily with the enzyme by formation of weak hydrogen bonds
      - TYPES
        
        COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS
        
        DEFINITION
        
        substance that are structurally similar to the natural substrate and reversibly bind to the active site, hence blocking the natural substance from binding to the enzyme
        
        inhibitors fits temporarily into the active site
        
        it competes with natural substrate to bind to the active sites of enzyme
        
        SOLUTION
        
        increasing the substrate concentration
        
        NON-COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS
        
        DEFINITION
        
        is not structurally similar to the natural substrate and it does not attach itself to the active site of enzyme, but attaches on other site on the enzyme called allosteric site
        
        by attaching to the allosteric site, it causes a change in the structure of enzyme and makes it inactive
        
        non-competitive inhibitors attach reversibly to the enzyme
        
        eg : heavy metal poisoning - lead, mercury, copper and silver