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Theories in Scientific Research, (Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT):…
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Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT): explains how innovation are adopted by potential adopters. Key elements include innovation, communication channels, time and social system
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM): A duel process theory of attitude formation or change. It explains how individuals can be influenced to change their attitude toward a certain object or behavior and the efficacy of change strategies
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB): generalized theory of human behavior that can be used to study a wide range of individual behaviors. Presumes individual behavior represents conscious reasoned choice shaped by cognitive thinking and social pressures
General Deterrence Theory (GDT): Explanation of crime and a method of reducing it. Examines why certain individuals engage in deviant, anti-social or criminal behaviors.
Agency Theory (Principal agent theory) explains two party relationships whose goals are not congruent with each other. The goal is to specify optimal contracts and conditions which minimize the effect of incongruence
Theory: an explanation of a natural or social behavior, event, or phenomenon. A system of constructs and propositions that collectively presents a logical and coherent explanation.
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Nomothetic explanation: can explain a class of situations rather than a specific situation. Tend to be less precise, generalized, and less detailed
Benefits of theories include:
- providing underlying logic by examining the key drivers and key outcomes.
-aid in sense making by synthesizing prior empirical findings by discovering contingent factors influencing two constructs in different studies
-provide guidance for future research by helping to identify constructs and relationships
-contribute to cumulative knowledge building by bridging gaps and causing existing theories to be reevaluated
Attributes of a good theory are logical consistency, explanatory power, falsifiability and parsimony
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