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Proteins, download, 71225d815cafcc09102504abdf4e10927283be98 - Coggle…
Proteins
Proteins: Proteins are complex molecules that play really important roles in our body. They are the building blocks of life. Every cell in our body has protein in them. Proteins are the polymers of amino acids.
Functions of proteins: It acts as a messenger since some proteins are hormones, it transports and stores nutritients, it is important for growth and maintenance, it helps our body maintain proper pH levels. It gives structural support, it protects our cells and it is catalyctic.
Importance of proteins: It is the structural unit of tissues and cells. It could be used ad a building block or broken down to energy when ingested.
Why we need protein in our diet: It helps our body repair cells so we need them to make new cells. Also, not getting enough protein can lead to certain health problems.
Structure of a protein: Every protein is made up of a polymer of amino acids which is folded into a three dimensional shape.
Structure of an amino acid: It contains a central carbon atom, an amino group, a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group and a unique R group or side chain.
The shape of a protein: The shape of proteins are sensitive to the environment. A sudden increase or decrease can break the bonds of a protein.
Denaturation: It is the loss of a proteins three dimensional shape and it makes the protein lose its biological function.
Renaturation: It brings the denaturized protein back to its normal self but it isn't always possible.
Bonds
Peptide bond is a chemical bond that is between two molecules that was formed when the carboxyl group of a molecule reacted with the amino group of another molecule and when this happens,i it undergoes a dehydration shyntesis reaction that forms the peptide bond.
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Dehydration synthesis: It is the formation of bigger molecules from smalled reactants, that is accompanied by the loss of a water molecule.
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The elements found in the sructure of proteins are: C, H, O, N and sometimes S and P atoms.
Most bacteria and plant can synthesize 20 types of amino acids while mammals can only synthesize 12 of them so they get the other 8 by heterothropic nutrition.
Protein deficiency: It can cause swelling, fatty liver and it can increase the severity of diseases. It can cause muscle wasting and weaken the bones.
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