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Chapter 4: Early Cognitive Development Owens, R. E., Jr. (2020). Language…
Chapter 4: Early Cognitive Development Owens, R. E., Jr. (2020). Language development: An introduction (10th ed., pp. 88-96) . Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.
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Perception: the use of sensory information and previous knowledge to make sense of incoming stimuli (p. 90).
Visual Perception
Infants can perceive a blurry human face at birth and learns to direct their attention to them quickly. After a few days, they can discriminate different facial expressions but they don't necessarily understand emotion. Infants begin to respond positively to a smile by four to six months.
By two months, infants show interest in a "typical face"; by three months they can perceive facial differences (ex. beards)
By 5 to 8 months, they can perceive their own faces.
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Motor Control: the concept of muscle movement and sensory feedback and the feedback the brain receives from them (pp. 91-92).
Neonatal Reflexes
Motor behavior consists of twitches, jerks, and random movements.
Oral reflexes include rooting, sucking, and phasic bite.
Phasic bite: stimulated by touching or rubbing the gums; bit-release mouth pattern is displayed in response.
Rooting: stimulated by touching the cheek at the corner of the mouth; turning of the head and mouth suckling is displayed as a response.
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Sucking: stimulated by inserting a finger or nipple into mouth; rhythmic sucking is displayed in response.
Suck-swallow pattern: established 3 months before birth. At birth, sucking is achieved through and up-and-down jaw movement. Within a few weeks, the baby begins sucking from side-to-side. Back-and-fourth movement begins at around one month. Jaw movement plays an important role in swallowing until 3 years
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Cognition: consists of mental aquisition, organization, memory, and use of knowledge (pp 92-95).
Genetics influences cognition through brain structure and developmental timing, but require environmental experiences to be efficient.
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Supplemental Source: Tan. (2019a, February 7). Baby sucking on pacifier [Video]. YouTube.
Supplemental Source: Betabicts. (2013, June 13). Baby rooting reflex/reaction [Video]. YouTube.
Supplemental Source: Maria, M. (2018, November 21). Why babies love mirrors. What to Expect.
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