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French history, In 1643, Louis XIII died, beginning the regency of Anne of…

- - - - After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Franks began to inhabited Gaul.
- - - - To make things worse, Burgundy and Orleans started a civil war, and Burgundy sided with the English
- - - - During the Affaire des Placards (1534), amidst the Protestant reformation, anti-Catholic posters appeared in public places in major cities in the night of the 17th to the 18th of October, despite the king’s desire to remain catholic, resulting in arrests and executions.
      - Thanks to John Calvin, the Reformation kept spreading what became Calvinism, which was especially popular among the upper classes of Southern France, in an area that became known as Huguenot Crescent.
      - In 1559, a treaty was signed to end religious wars, but when Henry II died in a joust that same year, leading to his wife, Catherine de Medici, and the protestant nobles to fight for control over the 15 year old Francis II, and then the 10 year old Charles IX.
    - - In 1562, L’édit de janvier granted limited religious freedom to the Huguenots, but a massacre by catholics that same year started a civil war.
      - In 1572, Charles IX, amidst rising tensions, ordered the deaths of Huguenot leaders in Paris, but the order was misinterpreted, resulting in the killing of Huguenots across all the city (Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) and the Fourth French war of religion.
      - In 1598, after 8 wars, L’édit de Nantes granted the Huguenots substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time.
  - - - La Fronde parlementaire
        
        In 1648, the parliament refused to increase taxes even higher to sustain France's wars and revolted. It later sought to increase its influence by negotiating major reforms.
        
        Mazarin, who was occupied negotiating the Treaty of Westphalia, agreed to most of their terms, but then attempted a coup de force by arresting 3 rebel leaders, initiating fighting in Paris which made him release them.
        
        Louis, le Grand Condé, a cousin of the king, took advantage of his popularity after beating the Spanish to launch a coup in Paris, taking the city and making the parliament sign la paix de Rueil (1649), thus ending la fronde parlementaire.