Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Bio Mindmap cycle 3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - matter = carbon/ CO2, energy = photons
  - - - protein pool breaks down
    - - everything breaks down
        
        entropy = energy spreading from breakdown
        
        disordering uniform protein formation and molecules
        
        some energy is lost in the breakdown
    - - release heat and waste which increases disorder = more energy spreading
      - being an open cell
  - - - fundamental to life
      - useful for metabolism and biosynthetic reactions
    - - spontaneous; reactions will proceed/ no energy input
        
        eg, melting ice
  - - - OMP decarboxylation
      - took 1.1 billion years half time to remove CO2 from glycine
      - uncatalyzed rate is 78 million years
    - - 1) A to B is exergonic and can add an enzyme
      - 2) B to C is endergonic
        
        can add ATP and an enzyme to reaction
  - - - transition state confirmation; a higher free energy where they started
      - energy needed to acquire transition state = activation energy (EA)
  - - - delta G is same because its depends on the start and end of the reaction
  - - - functional protein = native confirmation (100% active)
    - - isolated enzyme and measured the rate of reaction with the substrate
        
        used native confirmation and denatured it with urea (highly polar)
        
        urea competes with hydrogen bonds in amino acids so they bond to urea
        
        activity is now 0% active, got rid of urea through dialysis or buffer so protein refolds (spontaneous)
        
        process is very fast after translation and was in vitro
  - - - mutation will be deleterious here but not in outer edges
    - - forwards reaction is higher than reverse
      - catalysis takes place at active site
      - catalytic cycle
        
        enzyme can come back and bind more substrate because the enzyme is a product
        
        high temp = faster reaction (vice versa)
- - - - associated with vesicles which have protein in the membrane
        
        associated with Golgi apparatus
        
        fused with plasma membrane and become extracellular or plasma membrane proteins
  - - - single peptide conveys info to be part of secretory pathway
    - - signal peptide is produced and recognized by SRP (signal recognition particle) and binds it to SP
        
        translation in stopped
        
        SRP pulls whole complex to ER when recognized by recetor, then falls off
        
        translation continues and only the protein ends up in the lumen of the ER
        
        signal peptide removed, left with functional protein
  - - - rhodopsin passes through membrane, interacts with lipid bilayer
      - aqueous enviro. in membrane is non polar inside and polar outside
    - - measure of how hydrophobic different regions of the protein are
        
        rhodopsin goes polar to non-polar to polar, etc.
        
        non-polar = 20 amino acids, 7 sequences are non-polar
        
        tells you if it's a transmembrane protein or not
  - - - energy focused on where more molecules are present
      - diffusion
        
        high to low concentration
      - entropy increases as more molecules flow across
    - - increases entropy
    - - increases entropy
    - - low to high conc.
      - ABC transporter (ATP binding cassette), decreases entropy
  - - - mutation to CFTR
        
        6000 bases and 1480 amino acids
    - - 2 nucleotides are deleted = single deletion of phenylalanine (F)
        
        doesn't allow you to produce F
    - - mutation = chloride doesn't pump out and lining becomes hard
  - - - if F508 was sent to the plasma membrane, it would only be 50% functional (enough to be functional) compared to 100%
  - - - heat shock can cause misfolding
      - HSP90 can detect if folding is correct, if the protein isn't correctly folded it is degraded
      - can't transfect (insert wild type gene) CF because of ethical issues
  - - - desaturates help to regulate fluidity by adjusted unsaturation
      - saturated by hydrogens to produce unsaturated from (kink- more space/ fluid)
    - - low temp = high desaturate