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UK migration - Coggle Diagram
UK migration
Internal Migration in the UK
Internal migration (between different parts of the UK) has helped culture and society to become more diverse.
deindustrialisation
Since the 1960s, when deindustrialisation began, there has been significant internal north to south migration.
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These migrants tend to be young adults, mostly under 35, and relatively skilled/educated and motivated.
They have sought better quality and higher-paid employment in an area that is more prosperous than the one they originated from.
winners and losers
Some regions have gained, and the source regions have lost, the younger and more talented people.
The biggest ‘losers’ have been the North West, West Midlands, North East and Yorkshire and the Humber.
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average age by region
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London is the youngest, with an average age of 34.
In Scotland, the North East and North West the average age is 40–41.
The South West has the highest average age at 42.9 - this is because it is a popular retirement destination.
International Migration in the UK
There are many flows of international migrants to the UK. Straight after colonialism, many immigrants came to the UK and since 2004 there has been much migration from the EU.
from EU since 2004
'A8' migrants are those from the eight eastern European countries that joined the EU in 2004 (Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia).
Many have settled in rural locations because there were particular skills shortages they could easily fill.
E.g. In Northern Scotland, working in the fishing, fish processing and fish packaging industries.
E.g. In Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire, working in farming, food processing and packaging.
after colonialism
After the end of British colonial rule, many immigrants came to the UK in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. These people were the Windrush generation.
Most have had children and grandchildren born in the UK and there has also been much interracial marriage.
The largest immigrant groups are from the Indian sub-continent (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh).
More recent migrations have included Somalis (East Africa), and eastern Europeans (e.g. Poles and Lithuanians).