Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY - Coggle Diagram
SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY
Art
Art was used to spread the church and the monarchy's ideas and values
The works of art
Were mainly depictions of religious themes and portraits
Could be of two different styles
Classicist
They were based on harmony and serenity
Mannerist
They were expressive and had a dramatic quality
Architecture
In the second third of the century, Classicist or Purist style
Characteristics
The amount of decoration was reduced
Classical elements were accentuated, such as
Columns
Pediments
Examples
Granada Cathedral by Diego de Siloé
Jaén Cathedral and El Salvador Church in Úbeda, both by Andrés de Vandelvira
The Palace of Carlos V in Granada by Pedro Machuca
The facade of the Alcázar and the Bisagra Gate, both in Toledo, by Alonso de Covarrubias
In the last third, Herrerian style
Characteristics
Austere decoration
Geometric spaces
Example
Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial
In the first third of the century, the style was Plateresque
Characteristics
Ornate facades
Examples
San Marcos Hospital in León
Santo Domingo Cathedral on the island Hispaniola
The facade of Salamanca University
Painting
The most important Spanish painter was Juan de Juanes
Who painted
Ecce Homo
The Last Supper
Court painters
Carlos' court painter was Titian, who produced works such as
Carlos V at the Battle of Mülberg
Isabella of Portugal
Felipe's court painters were
Alonso Sánchez Coello
Juan Pantoja de Cruz
From the middle of the century onwards, elongated figures were painted with dramatic expressions on their faces
Examples
Works of Luis de Morales, such as
Madonna
Child and Piety
In the last third of the century, the most important artist was El Greco
Characteristics of his paintings were
The use of elongated figures
The use of cool colours and dark tones
The drama and spirituality reflected on the faces of his subjects
Examples
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz
The Disrobing of Christ
The Holy Trinity
Literature
Most important religious authors were mystics
Such as
Saint John of the Cross
Saint Teresa of Jesus
Who wrote about their spiritual experiences
Novels contained realistic descriptions of daily life, such as
The tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea worte by Fernando de Rojas
Lazarillo de Tormes
The most important poet
Garcilaso de la Vega
Sculpture
Classicist style
The most important sculptors are
Pompeo Leoni
Leoni Leoni
Important works are
The bronze sculptures on the altarpiece of the Basilica of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial
The sculpture of Carlos V and the Wrath
Carlos V's and Felipe II's cenotaphs
Mannerist style
The main artists are
Alonso Berruguete, who created The Sacrifice of Isaac and The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian
Juan de Juni, who created The Entombment of Christ and The Virgen of Anguish
Characteristics
The faces of the sculptures became more expressive
Most of the works were of religious imagery
They tried to evoke intense feelings
Spanish monarchs didn't want Protestant beliefs to spread across the Iberian Peninsula
Because of that Felipe
Didn't allow books printed outside the Peninsula to enter the country
Didn't allow Spaniards to study in other countries
That made science in Spain progressed slowly since discoveries made in other countries didn't reach the Peninsula
Because of that they created the Counter-Reformation which affected a lot the Spanish culture
