Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Learning Issues - Coggle Diagram

- - - - S1
        
        N-Terminal Domain
        
        C-Terminal Domain
        
        strong affinity for human ACE2 (hACE2
        
        receptor-binding domain (RBD)
      - S2
        
        heptad repeat regions and the fusion peptide
    - - 29,904 bp positive-sense non-segmented RNA genome
- - - - Protease inhibitor
        
        Provided good results against SARS-CoV decreased the viral load significantly and provided good results in COVID-19 patients
    - - Inhibits membrane fusion
        
        Lopinavir/ritonavir plus arbidol combination improved significantly the conditions of patients suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia
    - - Inhibits many stages of virus replication: viral entry, transcription, replication, translation, assembly
    - - Commonly used for the treatment of SARS patients suffering from severe pneumonia.
- - - - Subsequently, on February 11, 2020, outbreak or disease previously known as “novel coronavirus” or 2019-nCoV was officially renamed as C-O-V-I-D-19 or COVID-19 and causal virus was named as “Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2” or SARS-CoV-2
        
        Since 31 December 2019 and as of week 2021-2, 94 582 873 cases of COVID-19 (in accordance with the applied case definitions and testing strategies in the affected countries) have been reported, including 2 036 713 deaths.
- - - - The process of attachment to a specific receptor can induce conformational changes in viral capsid proteins, or the lipid envelope, that results in the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Some DNA viruses can also enter the host cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis.
      - Uncoating
        
        The viral capsid is removed and degraded by viral enzymes or host enzymes releasing the viral genomic nucleic acid.
        
        Replication
        
        After the viral genome has been uncoated, transcription or translation of the viral genome is initiated. It is this stage of viral replication that differs greatly between DNA and RNA viruses and viruses with opposite nucleic acid polarity. This process culminates in the de novo synthesis of viral proteins and genome.
        
        Assembly
        
        After de novo synthesis of viral genome and proteins, which can be post-transrciptionally modified, viral proteins are packaged with newly replicated viral genome into new virions that are ready for release from the host cell. This process can also be referred to as maturation.
        
        Virion Release
        
        There are two methods of viral release: lysis or budding. Lysis results in the death of an infected host cell, these types of viruses are referred to as cytolytic. An example is variola major also known as smallpox. Enveloped viruses, such as influenza A virus, are typically released from the host cell by budding. It is this process that results in the acquisition of the viral phospholipid envelope. These types of virus do not usually kill the infected cell and are termed cytopathic viruses.