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Craniosacral and thoracolumbar system - Coggle Diagram
Craniosacral and thoracolumbar system
Craniosacral system
Control involuntary acts and functions
Integrated by several nerves that originate from the brain and others arise from the spinal cord at the level of the sacral roots S2 A S4
Characteristics
Main neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
Acts on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
Nerve fibers
They branch through the territory of some cranial nerves
Exercise
It causes, among other actions, a decrease in heart rate and the contractile force of the heart, pupil contraction and relaxation of the urethral sphincter.
Ganglios
Paravertebral
They are located on both sides of the spine, from the cervical spine to the coccyx, and mainly innervate the organs of the upper half of the body (above the diaphragm)
Prevertebral
They are found anterior to the spinal column and emit nerve fibers that mainly innervate the organs located in the abdomen and below the diaphragm
Mesenteric ganglion
Lower mesenteric ganglion
Celiac ganglion
Thoracolumbar system
Important Nerotransmitters:
Noradrenaline
Adrenalin
Main action
Fight or flight response to external stimuli that may endanger the body
It involuntarily regulates numerous actions such as:
Smooth muscle contraction
Gland secretion
Types of neurons
Ganglion neurons
Neurons whose body is located in the nerve ganglion that is located in the same organ diana
Acetylcholine is released
Pre ganglion neurons
They are long . The fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system do not form fasciculates and cannot be traced, except the vagus and postwar nerves
Structure
Preganglionic neurons
They transmit nerve impulses through the cranial or spinal nerves to the post-ganglionic neurons
Sympathetic nervous system
Nefronas pre ganglionares
Neuronas post ganglionares
Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers
They emerge from the anterior roots of the spinal cord, follow the white communicating branches to the chain of sympathetic ganglia in which the post-ganglionic neurons are found
Features
Eye
Produces dilation of the pupil
Digestive system
Decreases the contraction of the smooth muscles that are found in the wall of the digestive tract
Respiratory apparatus
Dilates the lung bronchi, making it easier for air to reach the alveoli
Adrenal gland
Stimulates adrenaline production by the adrenal glands
Cardiovascular system
Increases frequency and strength of heart contractions
Sweat gland
Stimulates the production of sweat by the sweat glands
Features
Cardiovascular system
Acetylcholine decreases the heart rate and the force of myocardial contraction by multiple mechanisms
Genitourinary system
Acetylcholine increases ureteral peristalsis, against the detrusor muscle and relaxes the trigone
Gastrointestinal system
The parasympathetic innervation of the intestine runs through the vagus nerve and the sacral nerves of the pelvis
Respiratory system
Acetylcholine increases tracheobronchial secretions and stimulates brochoconstriction