Craniosacral and thoracolumbar system

Craniosacral system

Ganglios

Thoracolumbar system

Types of neurons

Important Nerotransmitters:

Main action

It involuntarily regulates numerous actions such as:

Smooth muscle contraction

Gland secretion

Noradrenaline

Adrenalin

Fight or flight response to external stimuli that may endanger the body

Control involuntary acts and functions

Integrated by several nerves that originate from the brain and others arise from the spinal cord at the level of the sacral roots S2 A S4

Characteristics

Main neurotransmitter

Nerve fibers

Exercise

Acetylcholine

Acts on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

They branch through the territory of some cranial nerves

It causes, among other actions, a decrease in heart rate and the contractile force of the heart, pupil contraction and relaxation of the urethral sphincter.

Ganglion neurons

Pre ganglion neurons

They are long . The fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system do not form fasciculates and cannot be traced, except the vagus and postwar nerves

Neurons whose body is located in the nerve ganglion that is located in the same organ diana

Acetylcholine is released

Structure

Preganglionic neurons

Sympathetic nervous system

Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers

Nefronas pre ganglionares

They transmit nerve impulses through the cranial or spinal nerves to the post-ganglionic neurons

They emerge from the anterior roots of the spinal cord, follow the white communicating branches to the chain of sympathetic ganglia in which the post-ganglionic neurons are found

Neuronas post ganglionares

Paravertebral

Prevertebral

They are found anterior to the spinal column and emit nerve fibers that mainly innervate the organs located in the abdomen and below the diaphragm

They are located on both sides of the spine, from the cervical spine to the coccyx, and mainly innervate the organs of the upper half of the body (above the diaphragm)

Mesenteric ganglion

Lower mesenteric ganglion

Celiac ganglion

Features

Eye

Digestive system

Respiratory apparatus

Adrenal gland

Cardiovascular system

Sweat gland

Increases frequency and strength of heart contractions

Dilates the lung bronchi, making it easier for air to reach the alveoli

Produces dilation of the pupil

Decreases the contraction of the smooth muscles that are found in the wall of the digestive tract

Stimulates adrenaline production by the adrenal glands

Stimulates the production of sweat by the sweat glands


Features

Cardiovascular system

Genitourinary system

Gastrointestinal system

Acetylcholine decreases the heart rate and the force of myocardial contraction by multiple mechanisms

Acetylcholine increases ureteral peristalsis, against the detrusor muscle and relaxes the trigone

The parasympathetic innervation of the intestine runs through the vagus nerve and the sacral nerves of the pelvis

Respiratory system

Acetylcholine increases tracheobronchial secretions and stimulates brochoconstriction