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geography - Coggle Diagram
geography
degrading water
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human activities have reduced the quality and quantity of clean fresh water from rivers to use in homes, factories and farms.
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damming the rivers
292 large river systems, two-thirds have been changed by dams and reservoirs
dam disrupt the flow of water, flooding some areas and stopping water reaching other areas
damming also disrupts ecosystems services like provision fresh water, fertile soil and food production
pollutants in our water
water pollution is the contamination of our rivers, lakes, wetlands etc.
this pollution can be the result of human activities near the water like shipping, fishing and oil drilling
land activities like the use of fertilisers and pesticides in farming, littering and clearing land are activities that can all cause pollution to waterways
7 concepts
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space: use this concepts of space when investigating the way that things are arranged on the earths surface. they also investigate the ways people use and change the spaces in which they live.
environment: means the living and non-living components and elements that make up an area, and the ways they are organised into a system.
interconnection: to better understand the links between places and people, and how these interconnections affect the environment and the way we live.
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scale: is used to guide geographical inquires. geographers study things that take place on many different spatial levels.
climate change
in more recent times there has been an increase in the concentration of certain gases in the atmosphere. these are called greenhouse gases
four main greenhouse gases include:
-carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels like coal
-methane from farming of livestock
-nitrous oxide from the use of fertilisers
-fluorinated gases from refrigerators and solvents
greenhouse gases trap some of the sun's energy within the atmosphere causing temperatures to rise, known as global warming
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human impacts
fossil fuels: when they are burnt they produce carbon dioxide which contributes to the greenhouse effect causing the climate to change.
the earth is made up of 76% of greenhouse gas emission
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agriculture: methane is the second largest contributor to global warming. methane is released when a live stock is killed which then releases methane.
24% of our greenhouse gases emissions are produces by livestock as they chew their food
deforestation: as trees grow, they remove and store carbon dioxide from the air, but when theyre cut down their stored carbon is released into the air as carbon dioxide
is the long term permanent shift in some or all parts of the weather condition experiences in an area
salinity
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the native deep rooted trees and shrubs soak up much of the rainwater entering the soil, which keeps the water table low in the ground and means the salt stay deep in the soil and away from plant roots
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mapping skills
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types of maps
physical maps: shows the locations and names of natural features of the earth. these may include rivers, mountains and oceans.
political maps: shows the locations and names of built features of the earth. these maps include country borders, state and territory borders.
dot distribution map: use the dots to represent and range of different features. the dots show the location of the chosen feature and the size and colour can show different characteristics of the feature.
flow maps: show movement from one place to another, arrows of different thicknesses or colour are used to show where different things are moving to and from.
weather maps: show conditions in the atmosphere, such as air pressure, wind speed and wind direction.
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continents and oceans
australia, europe, asia, south america, north america, africa, Antarctica
india, pacific, arctic, southern, atlantic
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loss of biodiversity
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the biodiversity is currently under threat, decreasing at a rate that rivals the mass extinction of the dinosaurs
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lake chad
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provided water to millions of people across four countries and supported a great diversity of wildlife
by 2001, lake chad declined by almost 75% to a paltry 300 square kilometres
reasons for its decline
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drying of the climate due to ta decrease in the number of large rainfall events such as monsoonal storms
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degrading the atmosphere
the atmosphere is being degraded by pollutants like carbons and nitrogen which is being released in the atmosphere
this change in the composition of the atmosphere, together with a reduction in forest cover, is responsible for the increase in global temperature
air pollution
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it is estimated that more than 3.5 million people around the world die each year from outdoor air pollution
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things that cause air pollution are like green house gases like cars, factories and burning of fossil fuels
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degrading the land
soil degradation
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soil can degrade by becoming compacted by large machinery and hard-hooved animals or acidic fertiliser
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soil erosion
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human activities like clearing trees for farming, accelerate erosion in many places
cleared land is more vulnerable to wind erosion, gully erosion and sheet erosion.
ecosystem decline
natural ecosystems of an area, like forests, can become degraded
this can happen through loss of vegetation, the invasion of alien plant and animal pests, or a decline in the quality of streams and rivers.
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