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Geography, Untitled, qwe, rty - Coggle Diagram
Geography
Key concepts
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Environment
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The ways in which different groups of people perceive and use the natural environment and why theses perceptions differ.
Scale
The study of things that take place on many different spatial levels - meaning from small areas (such as a local park) to very large areas(such as the use of oil and gas all over the world)
Change
helps us to understand what is happening around the us and to see the world as a dynamic place. Change in both time and space allows geographers to examine how environments develop, transform or disappear
Interconnection
the links between places and people, and how these interconnection affect the environment and the way we live. These connection can be on a local level or global level.
National- In Australia, the government has begun to encourage sustainable use of energy by offering incentives to promote the use of solar panels
International;- organisations such a the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) are working with fisheries and retailers to promote responsible and environmentally viable fishing practices around the world
Local -recycling of paper by individuals, schools and households reduces the number of trees that need to be cut down
Mapping skills
cross sections
line graphs that show sideways view of a landscape. They can show features such as hills and valleys, or depths, such as the depth of a river. Cross sections of hills use contour lines to determine the height of the land
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Continents and Oceans
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Oceans; South/North Pacific, Southern ocean, South/North Atlantic, Arctic, Indian
Continent: N/S America, Africa, Oceania, Antarctica, Africa, Asia, Europe
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Environmental change
Degrading land, atmosphere and water
Atmosphere
Each layer has a different temperature range and contains different moistures of gases and moisture. Human activities on Earth's surface can create changes in the atmosphere. pollution, acid rain, and holes in the ozone disrupt how the atmosphere normally functions.
Land
Relative outputs of agriculture and forestry are altered by temperature increases. land productivity across the planet will be altered. over the next several decades, warmer weather in low-latitude regions will increase the likelihood of drought.
Water
Warmer temperatures increase the rate of evaporation of water into the atmosphere, in effect increasing the atmosphere's capacity to "hold" water. Warming winter temperatures cause more precipitation to fall as rain rather than snow. Furthermore, rising temperatures cause snow to begin melting earlier in the year.
Salinity
Salinity is the movement of concentration of salt in the land scape. In parts of WA, it is estimated, that the soil contains 170-950 tonnes of salt per 10000m2
Australia's native vegetation has adapted to the salty souls. The native deep-rooted trees and shrubs soak up much of the rain water entering the soil. This keeps the water table low in the ground and means the sat stays deep in the soil and away from plant roots
Lake Chad
Cause of decline
-Increasing population in the region(e.g. the population of all four affected countries is expected to double by 2050 adding another 300 million people to the region).
-Increasing demand for water to irrigate crops.
-Drying of the climate change due to a decrease in the number of large rainfall events such as a monsoonal storms.
-extremely high rates of evaporation due to the climate and the shallowness of the lake.
-Increasing desertification in the Lake Chad catchment area.
Lake Chad was once on of Africa's largest and most important freshwater lakes. it provided water to millions of people across four countries and supported a great diversity of wildlife. In 1963, it was the world's sixth largest lake with a total surface ares of 23000 square kilometres. by 2001, this had declined by almost 75 percent to a paltry 300 square kilometres
Ecosystem services
Sinks
processes in the natural environment that absorb our waste e.g. micro-organisms in oceans break down oil spills.
Sources
natural products that can be used or converted by humans for our use e.g. Mineral deposits such as coal which can turn into fuel, iron ore which we use in manufacturing, timber from natural forests, and food sources.
Services
things that are done for us by the natural environment that don't produce consumable resources e.g. wetlands filter water and slow floodwater. Forests absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
Sprituality
refers to the personal relationships that human beings have with the environment. For some, this is a deep connection to the land formed over many generations (such as the connection that Indigenous Australians have with their ancestral lands.
Biodiversity
Biodiversity loss
a decrease in the numbers, type or variety of living organisms within an environment.
Causes
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Five main causes
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pollution of land, water and air
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Biodiversity hotspot
An area with unusual concentration of species, many of which are endemic(native).
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Invasive Species
Groups of organisms (such as plants, animals, bacteria or fungi) found in an area they are not native to. in many cases, invasive species upset the biological diversity f ares they spread to and can have other negative effects. however they move from one place to another, invasive species have the potential to degrade the land and disrupt the natural balance of the ecosystem.
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