Geography Term 1 Yr 10
Key Concepts
Place
Sustainability
Interconnection
Change
Environment
Scale
Space
geographers use the concept of space when investigation that way that things are arranged on the earth’s surface
the living and non-living components and elements that make up an area, and the ways they organised into a system
geographers use the concept of interconnection to better understand the links between places and people, and how these interconnections affect the environment and the way we live
a place in a part of the Earths surface that is identified and given meaning by people
developing ways to ensure the earth’s resources be used and managed responsibility so they can be maintained for future generations
the earth is constantly changing, these changes can be a result of natural forces and human activity
geographers study things that take place on many different spatial levels. They use the concept of scale to look for explanations and outcomes at different levels
Mapping Skills
Area Reference
When you take the bottom left of a corner which the aim is in. Then use the x axis and line it up and at same with the y and place 2 digits in like, 3485,
Grid Reference
Cross Section Maps
Grid reference is almost the same as area reference but it is with 6 digits and the last digit of x and y are broken into ten and accurately placed in, like 346851. makes it more accurate
Cross Section maps show the contour lines which tell you how high you are above the sea level. You can plot this information by getting a piece of paper and mark every time a contour line hits the paper and it height and graph it on a line graph, showing the declines and inclines
Environmental Change
Degrading land
Salinity
When salt arises to the surface of soil from access watering. This makes the soil infertile now and destroys farmland
Soil Erosion
Soil that is gradually worn away by natural phenomena (rivers, rain, waves, glaciers, and wind)
Ecosystem decline
Forests and streams can become degraded through loss of vegetation, invasion of alien plants and animal pests
Degrading Atmosphere
Air Pollution
Pollutants such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. This leads to increased rates of asthma, and lung and heart disease.
Degrading water
Damming the rivers
Dams disrupt flow of water, flooding some areas and stopping water reaching other areas. Also disrupts ecosystem services such as the provision of fresh water
Pollutants in our water
Contamination of rivers, lakes, wetlands, estuaries, seas and oceans. This pollution can be the result of human activities near the water such as shipping, fishing and oil drilling. Fertilizers and pesticides infest and contaminate waterways
Biodiversity Loss
When there is a decrease in the number, type or variety of living organisms within an environment
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The cause of the loss of biodiversity
Habitat change such as deforestation
The spread of invasive species
Pollution of land, water and air
Climate change brought about by human activities
Over exploitation of resources such as fresh water
Impacts of Biodiversity Loss
Structure of the food chain
Human Rely of plants and animals for food and medicines
Increase the spread of diseases
Threatens the structure and proper functioning of the ecosystem
Impacts food security
Climate Change
The causes of climate change
Burning of Fossil Fuels
Deforestation
Increased activity in agriculture
The affects of climate change
Increased temperature on earth
Ice melting in the ocean causing the sea level to rise. When the sea levels ride it wipes out plants and tree, destroying agriculture is not good for the environment
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Response to Deforestation
Us humans cut down about 3 million trees per day which lead to an unimaginable amount per year. We are doing little things everyday to combat this. The activities we are doing are mostly doing is planting trees. This is still not enough though, because we
4 S's of Ecosystem
Sources (Provisioning Services)
Services (Supporting Services
Spirituality (Cultural Services
Sinks (Regulating Services
The personal relationship between humans and their environment
Natural products that can be used for human use
Things that are done for us but the natural environment does produce consumable resource
Processes that absorb our waste
Example
Micro-organisms in ocean break down oil spills
Example
Example
Example
The connection that Indigenous Australians have with the land
Food sources or Mineral deposits such as coal which we turn into fuels
Wetlands filter water and slow flood water
Invasive Species
A group of organisms (such as plants, animals or fungi) found in an area they are not native to
In most cases invasive species upset the biological diversity of areas they spread to and can have many more negative affects.
Types of Invasive Species
Cane Toad
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Cane toads have poisonous skin kills its attackers within minutes. Since predators prey on toads or frogs, these look like an easy meal but when they attack the poison that is released out of their pores and glands
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Lake Chad
Lake Chad is one of the biggest lakes in the world that is hosted in Africa. It is one of the most important freshwater lake for the communities around it. It has a diverse community of wildlife which activates and strong ecosystem. It provides water to millions of people but the water is on the decrease due to population growth and climate change.
Population Growth
Climate Change
Population has grown meaning there is more demand and usage for water. This demand means more water is being taken away for personal use such as drinking and watering crops. By 2050 the population will double be meaning 300 million more people will be in these places causing more demand for water.
Increasing climate change has been drying out and evaporating Lake Chad to low levels. This evaporation has been caused by higher temperatures meaning it is increasing desertification in the Lake Chad area. Drying of the climate has led to the decrease of rainfall events such as monsoonal storms which flows in a lot of water