Term 1 Geography

Key Concepts

Interconnection

Sustainability

Environment

Change

Space

Scale

Place

A place is a part of the Earths surface that is identified and given meaning by people.

Geographers use the concept of space when investigating the way that things are arranged on the Earths surface.

Environment means the living and non-living components and elements that make up an area, and the ways they are organised into a system.

Geographers use the concept of interconnection to better understand the links between places and people, and how these interconnections affect the environment and the way we live.

Developing ways to ensure the earths resources be used and managed responsibility so they can be maintained for future generations.

The earth is constantly changing. These changes can be a result of natural forces and human activity.

Geographers study things that take place on many different spatial levels. They use the concept of scale to look for explanations and outcomes at different levels.

Mapping Skills

Continents and Oceans

Key features of a map

Directions

Bearings

Area References and Grid References

Physical and Cultural features on a map

Latitude and Longitude

Environmental Change

Oceans

Continents

North America

South America

Australia

Europe

Africa

Antarctica

Asia

Pacific Ocean

Southern Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Arctic Ocean

Border

Orientation

Legend

Title

Scale

1200px-Brosen_windrose.svg

South - 180 degrees

East - 90 degrees

West - 270 degrees

North - 0/360 degrees

Area References

Grid References

Area Reference is a 4 figure number to provide coordinates for a whole grid square, the eastings come first and northings come second

Grid Reference is a 6 figure number to provide exact coordinates in a grid square.

Physical features

Biodiversity loss

Degrading water

Degrading the atmosphere

Degrading land

Degraded land is land that has lost some degree of its natural productivity due to human-caused processes

manmade chemicals emitted into the atmosphere that deplete the atmosphere layer.

Water degradation is the misuse and also the pollution of water supplies. Often, individuals throughout the world have to deal with either limited water supplies, or polluted water, often causes by human actions

Biodiversity loss is when there is a decrease in the number, type, or variety of living organisms within an environment

Environmental Change

Climate change

Lake Chad

Invasive species

Salinity

Climate change is the long term permanent shift in some or all parts of the weather conditions experienced in an area.

4 S's

Sinks

Services

Sources

Spirituality

Natural products that can be used or converted by humans for our use

Processes in the natural environment that absorb our waste.

Things that are done for us by the natural environment that don’t produce consumable resources.

The personal relationships that human beings have with the environment.

Salinity is the movement and concentration of salt in the landscape.

Cultural features

Latitude and longitude are a system of lines used to describe the location of any place on Earth. Lines of latitude run in an east-west direction across Earth. Lines of longitude run in a north-south direction. Although these are only imaginary lines, they appear on maps and globes as if they actually existed.

Natural features such as mountains or rivers

Manmade features such as buildings or dams

An invasive species is an organism that causes ecological or economic harm in a new environment where it is not native

Lake Chad is a historically large, shallow, endorheic lake in central Africa, which has varied in size over the centuries. According to the Global Resource Information Database of the United Nations Environment Programme, it shrank by as much as 95% from about 1963 to 1998