Ethnographic Research
Observation type
General Observation
Direct observation
Participant observation
Non-Participant Observation
They must be presented absolutely cleanly and sincerely.
Advantage:
Disadvantages:
It does not depend on the ability of the interviewer to give the information.
It does not depend on the desire of the interviewer to give or not give information
Only externalized behavior can be studied.do
Difficulty writing down or recording information
Ethical issues.
Open questions
Advantage
Spontaneity of responses.
Disdvantage
Increase the participation of people interviewed.
The participation of the interviewee is reduced.or.
Coding is complicated and expensive.
Closed questions
Yes or no.
Identification (age, occupation, place of birth, etc.)
The most important method of ethnography is that of participant observation.
The central idea of ​​participation is the penetration of the experiences of others.
In this case, the researcher only plays the role of researcher and observes situations of interest.
Types of Interview
Initial Interview
The main personal attributes.
The trust
Curiosity
Naturalness
Other attribute
Curiosity
Desire to know
Open Interview
The place where the interview takes place, how it is graduated, the relationships that occur.
What terms is the interview raised and conducted.
The higher the incidence of the voluntary element
The lower the steering pressure.
Semi-structured interview
The negotiation gives the interviewee a sense of power and personal responsibility in the investigation.
When less formal, more relaxed, less competitive.
The more stimulating a feeling of community, the better.
Structured Interviews.
At the beginning, it is necessary.
Make contact.
Make people feel comfortable.
kindly start.
Do not ask intimate or intimidating questions.
Field Identification
Building Categories
Intervening Dimensions
Field notes should not include only descriptions of what is happening.
Preconceptions of the investigated.
A record of feelings.
Interpretations, intuitions.
Future areas of inquiry.
What we feel may be what the informants feel or perhaps felt in the past.
Spaces and Subjects
A detailed description of the setting and the position of the people within it.
Provides
Apprehensions about the nature of the activities of the participants.
Your interaction patterns.
Their perspectives and ways of presenting themselves to others.
Miscellaneous Records
Help interpret the meaning of your words.
The gestures.
Non-verbal communications.
The tone of the voice and the speed.
People's words and actions can only be understood if they are examined in the context in which they were spoken.
Rudimentary Empirics.
The goal is to give the material a shape that is conducive to these ends.
Analysis that seems to stand out the most
Speculative analysis.
Classification and categorization.
Concept formation
Models
theory.
Parallel Reading
Other studies acquire greater importance.
The researcher will have to do some preliminary reading in order to get a view of the field.
And you will have to account for late work throughout the investigation.
Diagnostic tests
The categories and their properties are annotated and saturated.
Concepts emerge from the field
Subsequent data is controlled and re-controlled in the light.
They are compared to other material
They are reinforced or perhaps rephrased in another way.
Initial Visions of Solution
The primary purpose to help explain why things are the way they are or happen the way they do.
The analysis occurs simultaneously with the data collection.
Is not limited to registeringr
It is interviewed.
When observed.
Field notes are taken.
The research journal is prepared.
There is also reflection in it, which in turn informs the data series
The first step toward solving a problem is
Document them.
Analyze them.
Consider these issues as part of the investigation.
Formal Analysis
Indicate the direction of future research.
Its purpose is rather to suggest lines of analysis.
Indicate the path of possible connections with other data.