Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Climate - Coggle Diagram
Climate
-
-
-
Climate is therefore an average of the weather. Historical records and other evidence indicate that climate changes over time.
Climate is therefore an average of the weather. Historical records and other evidence indicate that climate changes over time.
-
-
Places near equator are hot, but (because of the influence of clouds) they aren't the hottest places on Earth.
Water droplets in clouds, water vapour, carbon dioxide and other gases all contribuite to the greenhouse effect.
The air near the Earth's surface is kept warmer because
short-wave solar radiation can pass through the atmosphere relatively easly, but the Earth's long-wave radiation is trapped.
-
The rising air that leads to much precipitation in equatorial climates eventually descends to the Earth’s surface in the tropical deserts
-
When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, latitudes in that hemispere receive the sun's rays at an higher angle that the same latitudes in the Souther Hemisphere. As a result, they are hotter
The air temperature decreases as altitude increases. This is because teh air becomes thinner and contains less water vapour and other gases to absorp the Eart's long-wave radiations
Because water heats up and cools down more slowly than land, coastal areas have warmer winters and cooler summers than places further inland. This is known as the maritime influence, when air blowing in from the sea brings the temperature of sea to the land.
There are cold ocean currents off the coasts of hot deserts. These currents are bodies of water that move through the oceabs from areas nearer the equator.
Desert air has very low relative humidity, so desert skies are often cloudless or have very little cloud. results is extreme daily temperatures
Without the clouds, the maximum amount of solar radiation can reach the Earth’s surface. However at night, without the clouds, radiation temperatures can fall rapidly to about 15°C in summer and 5° C in winter.
The average annual precipitation totals in tropical deserts is less than 250 mm a year. In some places that they have no recorded precipitation at all. Much of the rain that does fall in the desert occurs in torrential convectional downpours.
Rain doesn't fall often in deserts but, when it does, it’s usually torrential and often causes flash floods. A natural ecosystem is an area in which plants and animals live in balance with their environment and are inter - linked with it. It does not change unless external factors influence it. Tropical rainforest and Tropical deserts are two of the world’s major ecosystems or biomes. Deserts and salt marshes are smaller - scale ecosystems. Plants need nutrients to survive
The tropical rainforest is so dense that the light does not penetrate far into them. From the air they are a continuous mass of trees, broken by rivers. The trees are very tall with straight trunks and branch only at the top. The forest structure is composed of five tiers and well adapted to the climate. The forest isn’t seasonal. The trees drop their leaves at any time of the year, so the forest has an evergreen appearance.
Rapid chemical weathering processes in the hot and wet climate result in very deep soils; the trees of the shallow have buttress roots. Tropical soils are red because of the quantity of iron in them. The leaves decompose rapidly on the forest floor. This adds humus to the soil.
The tropical rainforest has a variety of habitats and an abundance of vegetation for food. Each layer of the forest has different conditions of sunlight, temperature and moisture.