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Design an electrochemical cell that produces an optimal energy output. -…
Design an electrochemical cell that produces an optimal energy output.
Elements of a galvanic cell
Anode
Anode electrode
Anode electrolyte
Cathode
Cathode electrode
Cathode electrolyte
Voltmeter
Wire
Salt bridge
Independent variables (factors that may change energy output production)
Salt bridge
Salt solution concentration
Advantages/Disadvantages
Potential Investigation Method
Salt bridge length
SA of salt bridge in electrolytes
Advantage
Disadvantage
Salt bridge material
A salt bridge is required to hold the --- It can be optimised by amount of solution it can hold and the way that it can -- >?
Electrolytes
Concentration of electrolytes
The concentration will rate at which hitting and amount that can accept it (same) other one will decrease it bc of the reaction
Type of electrolytes
The type of electrolyte used, particularly for the cathode's electrolyte, can greatly impact the energy output of the cell as the metal ions in the cathode solution are accepting electrons meaning a less reactive metal which can accept more electrons will have a greater electrochemical difference with the metal anode increasing the potential voltage of the
Temperature of electrolytes
Changing the temperature that the reaction takes place under changes the amount of kinetic energy held by the reacting particles and therefore the frequency of collision between the particles. Increasing the temperature and frequency causes more successful collisions and increases the rate of reaction which can increase energy output.
Electrodes
Concentration of electrodes
SA of electrodes in electrolytes
With a greater surface area the likelihood of a reaction, aka does it need to be solution why does it start
Type of electrode
Changing the type of electrode used for the cathode's electrode while not as impactful may still impact the cell's energy output. The cathode electrode's effectiveness is reliant on its conductivity t
Wire
Material of wire (resistance
Types of electrochemical cells
galvanic cell vs electrolytic cell: galvanic cells and electrolytic cells differ in their setup as well as in the type of energy the cell will output.
why not fuel cell
Dependant Variables (factors that can measure energy output)
Multimeter
Measures voltage, current/amps
Electrode mass difference
Electrolyte concentration difference
Voltmeter
Why its good can be separate from the iv
Definition of 'energy'
Definition of 'optimal energy output'
The definition of optimal may change depending on how the cell would be used, however, an optimal energy output implies minimising factors like the amount of electrolyte and electrode used and maximising the amount of electrical energy/ electrons moved through the wire from the anode to cathode during the lifespan of the cell.
Other factors that may be optimised include the amount of waste material created, costs, and lifespan of the cell. This is because
for various uses these aspects of the cell may be weighted more heavily in order to create a perfectly optimised electrochemical cell better suited for that use.
A galvanic cell (see green) converts chemical energy to electrical energy so the energy outputted, and therefore also measured is electrical.
Electrical energy is defined by the movement of electrons, which in a galvanic cell occurs as electrons travel from the anode to the cathode. In order to measure to quantity of electrons moved several methods could be used.
Controlled Variables
Concentration of copper sulfate (maybe unnamed)
Reason: the concentration of the cathode electrolyte must be kept the same as changing the concentration will impact the rate at which collisions occur between the copper ions in the concentration and the electrons passed through the cathode's electrode changing the number of successful collisions and therefore also the rate of reaction.
Means of Control:
SA of electrodes touching electrolytes
SA of salt bridge touching electrolytes
The multimeter
Reason: reduce random errors
Means of Control: the same multimeter is used for each trial
Volume Zinc (electrode)
Length of time salt bridge is soaked in solution
Reason: The
Means of Control: a timer is used to accurately measure the time that each salt bridge is soaked in solution before being taken out and placed immediately in the cell.
Time at which voltage is measured
Concentration of zinc sulfate
Uncontrolled Variables
temperature
electrode concentration/volume
