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Chapter 2: Overview of Transaction Processing and Enterprise Resource…
Chapter 2: Overview of Transaction
Processing and Enterprise
Resource Planning
Systems
2) DATA STORAGE
LEDGERS
general ledger
contains summary-level data for
every asset, liability, equity,revenue,
and expense account
subsidiary ledger
contains detailed data for any general ledger
account with many individual subaccounts
CODING TECHNIQUES
Data in ledgers is organized logically using coding techniques
Group codes
two or more subgroups of digits used to code items, are often
used in conjunction with block codes
With a block code
blocks of numbers are reserved for specific categories of data
With sequence codes
items are numbered consecutively to account for all items.
mnemonic codes
letters and numbers are interspersed to identify an item
CHART OF ACCOUNTS
These account numbers allow transaction data to be coded, classified, and entered into the proper accounts.
JOURNALS
Transaction data are often recorded in a journal
before they are entered into aledger
General
Journal
record infrequent or nonroutine transactions,
such as loan payments and end-of-period
adjusting and closing entries
Specialized Journal
records large numbers of repetitive transactions such as sales, cash receipts, and cash disbursements.
AUDIT TRAIL
traceable path of a transaction through a data processing
system from point of origin to final output, or backward from final output to point of origin
used to check the accuracy and validity of ledger postings
COMPUTER-BASED STORAGE CONCEPTS
Entity
information is stored, such as employees, inventory items, and customers
Each entity has attributes, or characteristics of interest, that are stored, such as a pay rate and address
Each type of entitypossesses the same set of attributes
Field
A place that computers store data
containing data about entity attributes constitute a record
File
a group of related records
master file
stores cumulative information about an organization
store information about important organizational resources
Transaction File
contains records of individual business transactions that occur during a specific time
Database
A set of interrelated, centrally coordinated files is referred to as a database
3) DATA PROCESSING
types of data processing activities (CRUD)
Reading
Reading, retrieving, or viewing existing data.
Updating
Updating previously stored data
. Creating
Creating new data records, such as adding a newly hired employee to the payroll database
Deleting
Deleting data, such as purging the vendor master file of all vendors the company no longer does business with.
4) INFORMATION OUTPUT
The final step in the data processing cycle is information output
Documents
records of transaction or other company data
Reports
used by employees to control operational activities and by managers to make decisions and to formulate business strategies.
database query
used to provide the information needed to deal with problems and
questions that need rapid action or answers
1) DATA INPUT
The first step in processing input is to capture transaction data and enter them into the system
Data must be collected
about three facets of each business activity
The resources affected by each activity
Each activity of interest
The people who participate in each activity