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Chapter 18: Population Genetics and Evolution - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 18: Population Genetics and Evolution
Speciation
Divergent
populations evolve into a new second species
abiological reproductive barriers
reproductively isolated
allopatric/geographic speciation
biological reproductive barrier
sympatric speciation
prezygotic isolation mechanisms
postzygotic internal isolation barriers
hybrid sterility
hybrid invaibility
adaptive radiation
genetic drift
founder/founder individuals
Convergent Evolution
unrelated species evolve to the point that they resemble one another
Phyletic
so changed it must be considered new
gene flow
pollen transfer
vegetative propagation
seed dispersal
natural selection causes new species to evolve
Population Genetics
Situations in Which Natural Selection Does Not Operate
identical genetically
impossible to adapt
Multiple Selection Pressures
new alleles
mutations
"side effects"
Factors That Cause the Gene Pool to Change
Mutations
Accidents
Artificial Selection
Natural Selection
Evolution and the Origin of Life
Aggregation and Organization
complete heterotrophs
Early Metabolism
Formation of Polymers
Oxygen
oxidizing atmosphere
Chemicals Produced Cemosynthetically
The Presence of Life
Conditions on Earth Before the Origin of Life
energy sources
electricity
volcanoes
heat
time available for the origin of life
"no limits"
chemicals present in the atmosphere
second atmosphere
reducing atmosphere
chemosynthesis
Rates of Evolution
could change rapidly, within a few generations, or 10 million to 200 million yrs