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Peppermint, Method and Materials :pen:, Results and Discussion :red_flag:,…

- - - - Oral doses of 187 to 500mg four times in a day
      - two Colpermin capsules take 3 times a day
- - - - Mean nipple pain score was reduced by 0.57 in compared to 0.02 control group.
      - 20 mothers in study and 16 in control group had pain score of one to three on day one.
    - - Mean decrease of nipple soreness was 0.52 in study group in contrast to control group 0.3.
      - 18 mothers in study group and 13 in control group which had problem of redness and tenderness.
    - - Mean decrease in nipple trauma score was 0.27 in study group compared to increase in nipple trauma score by 0.02 in control group.
- - - - Analysis of data
        
        From aromatherapy sniffer and reported events of nausea were tested.
        
        Used Pearson's x^2 test used to check the relationship between aromatherapy sniffer and sniffer use.
        
        Sample was approved by the IRB
      - Sample
        
        Samples are collected from females age 18 and the older who have laparoscopic abdominal surgery with general anesthesia.
        
        Sample has collected from patient who have cholecystectomy, hysterectomy with salpingooophorectomy alone, umbilical hernia repair and so on.
        
        Pregnancy or breastfeeding women are allergies to peppermint.
- - - - A single-blind randomized controlled trial was performed in a surgical ward of Iran hospital.
    - - 30% peppermint decreases the problem of nausea than 10% peppermint
    - - Samples were collected from different kinds of the patient by sampling method and assigned to peppermint.
    - - They had used a demographic information and nausea visual analogue scale.
      - Demographic information form include consist of component age, sex, type of surgery, length of time in the recovery room, and duration of anesthesia.
    - - Made three groups
        
        30% peppermint group
        
        Same method as 10% peppermint essential group
        
        Controls
        
        Same method as 10% peppermint essential group but 2cc distilled water colored with green food coloring was used as placebo also distance was more than two meters.
        
        10% of peppermint group
        
        0.2ml equivalent of two drop of 10% peppermint essential oil was added to 2cc distilled water and poured onto 4*4 gauze put 10cm away from patient's nose for five minutes.
      - peppermint essential oil were produced by Shafa Medicinal Plants Company
    - - Study was approved by the University Ethics Committee with the code of ethics
    - - It is analyzed by the statistical package for the Social Sciences
      - The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the hypothesis of normality of the data.
- - - - Capitate
        
        Peppermint has both types
      - Termed peltate
  - - - Anatomical
      - Phytochemical
      - On plant morphological
  - - - three bacterial strains :fire:
        
        Bacilllus subtilis
        
        Pseudomonas fluorescens
        
        Pseudomonas putida
    - - M. piperita plants was grown in Traslasierra valley.
      - Stage I -Initial shoot-tip culture
      - Stage II- Growth and multiplication
      - Stage III - rooting and acclimation
    - - Total chlorophyll was calculate by Amon.
      - the optical density of the chlorophyll was calculate by spectrophotometry
      - the amount of total chlorophyll available in the extract was measured based on mg chlorophyll per fresh leaf tissue.
    - - Six leaf blade was prepared to treatment the trichome and stomatal density which was calculated through three microscope fields.
    - - Data were merge and analysis variance (ANOVA) by using Fisher's post hoc LSD test
      - Infostat software program was used fo all statistical analysis.
- - - - C-2012 and C 801 strains were used to explain their efficiency on plant growth advance in peppermint.
    - - At temperature 25/18+-2 degree celsius day/night along with natural day length of 14h.
      - The plants were divided into normal and water stress groups
    - - From peppermint dry shoots, essentials oil were obtained by distillation.
      - Finding of the oil basic was based on contrast of their GC retention indexes and their mass spectra.
    - - it ia randomized full block study with three replications per analysis and each replicate.
        
        The whole plants were accumulate and natural and dry weight of shoot and root were measured.
    - - It was complete by using ANOVA and SPSS.
        
        Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the significance of relationships between traits.
- - - - To test peppermint essential oil GC was performed using a Perkin Elmer Auto System XL model equipped with a flame ionization detector.
    - - Fresh buffalo milk was used.
      - Whole procedure was repeated for two times.
    - - total phenolic content was determined colorimetrically using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent.
      - PEO was calculated by a calibration curve.
    - - The antioxidant of PEO was determine through Matthus modified method.
    - - White soft cheese samples were chemically evaluate according to AOAC.
    - - Peppermint essential oil were synthesis at the level of 20 and 100 ppm through white soft cheese flavored.
    - - In this method they had used at least three samples for each cheese treatment.
    - - The result achieved from applying the statistical analysis and the ANOVA procedure.
  - - - They found the major components of PEO were menthol, menthone, and trans-carane.
    - - the herb's antioxidant activities have been attributed to various mechanisms.
    - - the PEO level ranged from 20 to 100 ppmm and the salt level was reduced to 2%.
    - - The acidity changes white soft cheese while storage at 5+-1 degree celsius for 4 weeks.
- - - - Protein extract from the isolated glandular cells for use with immunogloblotting assays were prepared.
    - - One side of peppermint samples were fixed by conventional aldehyde fixations for immunocytochemistry
      - Another side of prepared the sample by high pressure peppermint shoots and sliced into 1mm2 samples under fixative
    - - peppermint plants were grown in a greenhouse with supplemental lighting
    - - IgG fractions and pre-immune sera were purified using HiTrap Protein A affinity columns
    - - To test the specificity of antibodies toward the target enzymes.
    - - representing immature, young mature, and old peppermint leaf samples
- - - - Search Strategy and study selection
        
        Search strategy were complete through applying a combination of subject headings and text word relating to dyspepsia, caraway oil and peppermint.
        
        The treatment of age 18 years or over patient with FD eligible for inclusion with a combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil.
      - Outcome Assessment
        
        Initial outcome was global improvement of FD symptoms and improvement in epigastric pain.
        
        Secondary outcome was adverse events.
      - Data Extraction
        
        Analysis the efficiency of course by comparing the study reports
        
        Data were handled and evaluate in line with an intention-to-treat analysis, along all dropouts assumed as treatment failures.
      - Assessment of Risk of Bias
        
        Applying the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias mechanism
        
        Depend on domains such as random sequence generations, allocation concealment, blinding of participations, and other bias was graded high, low or unclear.
      - Data Synthesis and Statistical Analysis
      - Results :red_flag:
        
        A dyspepsia patients can take oral peppermint oil to utilize a important spasmolytic effects in the lower stomach, esophagus, and duodenal bulb.
        
        POCO has broad changes of effects on gastrointestinal function.
        
        POCO and peppermint oil have been accepted useful in IBS,.
- - - - From Japanese peppermint essential oil a volatile was collected through the headspace of a commercially.
    - - Used four bioassays to assess the effects of fumigation with VOCs from peppermint essential oil on D. suzukii survival and P. vindemmiae parasitism success.
      - Use in all bioassays three peppermint essential oil stuck solutions
      - Bioassays 1: Effects of peppermint oil VOC fumigation and soil moisture on D. suzukii emergence
      - Bioassays 2:
        
        Effects of peppermint oil VOC fumigation on parasitoid mortality and emrgence
      - Bioassays 3:
        
        Effects of peppermint oil VOC fumigation before parasitism
      - Bioassays 4:
        
        Effects of peppermint oil VOC fumigation after parasitism
    - - Drosophila suzukii were incubation room with temperatures at 24.5 degree celsius under light hours and 22.5 degree celsius under dark hours.
      - Peppermint plants grown in a laboratory which is covered by constant illumination and temperature
    - - Used a generalized linear model with a quasibinomial distribution and a log link function.
  - - - Effects of peppermint oil VOC fumigation and soil moisture on D. suzukii emergence
    - - Effects of peppermint oil produced VOCs on parasitiod mortality and emergence
    - - Effects of peppermint oil VOC fumigation before parasitism
    - - Effects of peppermint oil VOC fumigation after parasitism
- - - - Plant growth
        
        Peppermint were produce in a laboratory under consistent brightness at 21 degree celsius, automated water for 3 hours with a drip irrigation system.
        
        This study was held in the Department of Forest Botany in Poland.
      - Video recording
        
        A time-lapse method contain of delivering the shutter in every 15 minutes of plants and a single reporting the time interval range from 5 to 24days.
        
        Cameras were set at the top of the plants which makes the perpendicular
      - Trajectory geometry analysis
        
        The change in plants evaluate in the final result through tracker software program.
        
        Coordinates were used to plot the trajectories of the movements
        
        Used to method to check hypothesis
        
        Study of correlation betweens the parameters of the nutation trajectory of the shoot apex and the etide
        
        Study of the geometry of the trajectories of the mutation of the stem tips in individual plants.
      - Correlation analysis
        
        This study was complete on connected data from ten peppermint plants.
        
        Correlation between these three plant nutation trajectory parameters and tidal acceleration was complete by using MATLAB software.
      - Trajectory geometry algorithm
        
        The stem apex nutation trajectories of individual plant were based on the result s of the calculations made using the trajectory analysis algorithm.
      - Etide
        
        A software application that provides the course of variation in the lunisolar tidal acceleration profile for specific location on the Earth and the Moon.
    - - The trajectory of the plant nutation and the lunisolar tidal acceleration was performed on data combined from all ten peppermint plants
      - Developed new mathematical tools to quantitatively characterise parameters immanent in stem tip nutations.
      - When the gravitational acceleration exhibits strong alterations, the plants requires extended periods of time to adapt to the new conditions.
- - - - yeast colony morphocytes, irregular, and spoke colonies were obtained
      - smallest colonies were found out in the presence of peppermint oil
      - C. albicans was observed on solid medium supplemented with peppermint and clove oils at concentrations
      - there is changes in the C. albicans in the presence of peppermint and clove oils
    - - Essentials oil
        
        the essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry flame ionization detection using a trace GC Ultra
      - Colony Morphology Assay
        
        C. albicans grown on sabouraud dextrose agar with addition of tween 80
      - Yeast
        
        Used as a reference strain in the analysis of antifungal agents
      - Biochemical and Enzymatic profiles
        
        references strain and isolate to assimilate 19 substrates as the sole carbon sources
      - Protein preparation and electrophoresis
      - Chromosomal DNA analysis
        
        Isolated from the remaining 5ml of yeast cells solutions
      - Statistical Analysis
        
        all experiments were carried out in 3 independent experiments