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Marine Invertebrate Phylogeny - Coggle Diagram
Marine Invertebrate Phylogeny
Phylum Porifera
Key Adaptations: Sponges
-Cells can divide repeatedly which gives them longer life spans than single celled protozoans
-Sponges are filter feeders, they have many pores and holes by which water circulates through an internal cavity where food and oxygen are filtered out.
-Often conform to the shapes of their substrate or are sculpted by the waves or tides.
-Some are supported by a network of flexible fibers called sponging, while others have hard skeletons made of mineralized spicules.
-Sponges can attach to animals that move, which is the only way they can be considered mobile.
-Large sponges provide shelter and safety to other organisms
Relationship:
-Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora are the most primitive clade of metazoans. They distinguish themselves from the other metazoans by their lack of bilateral symmetry
Phylum Cnidaria
Key Adaptations: Sea Anemones
-Contain tentacles around the mouth to enable them to capture a wide variety of prey.
-Nematocysts: microscopic harpoon-like stinging structures - pierce prey and inject paralyzing toxins
-Live in both freshwater and marine habitats
-Highly diversified animals
-Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
-2 forms: a sessile polyp stage and a free-swimming medusa stage
Relationship:
-Marine Invertebrates with incomplete digestive systems
Marine Acoelomates
Gnathostomulida
Key Adaptations: Jaw Worms
-Tend to be in detritus rich sand
-Has a three layer tissue pattern within its body
-Tend to feed on microflora
-They are asexual for reproduction
-They are a type of worm giving them the advantage of blending in to the sand
-Bilaterally symmetry
-Has a muscular pharynx with paired jaws and a basal plate
Entoprocta
Key Adaptations: Entoprocts
-Bilaterally symmetry
-Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs.
-Reproduction normally sexual or asexual in a variety of methods
-Feeds on fine particles in the water.
-All live in aquatic environments mostly
marine
-They tend to be small and are between .5 and 7mm
Relationship:
-They both are bilaterally symmetry
-They both can reproduce asexually
-They both have similar body types and are shaped like worms
-Both consist of three layers; having more than two cell layers, tissues, and organs
Marine Coelomates
Deuterostomes
Phylum Chordata
Key Adaptations: Tunicates
-Large variety of body forms
-Have gill pouches/slits that develop as openings on each side of the pharynx
-Have a postanal tail extending beyond digestive tract's posterior opening
-Have a hollow dorsal cord
-Have a supportive notochord along the body's midline
Phylum Hemichordata
Key Adaptations: Acorn Worms
-Have an anterior proboscis
-Have a soft and flaccid body
-Live primarily in shallow water
-Live in protected areas
Protostomes
Phylum Mollusca
Key Adaptations: Clams
-Have hard external shells
-Use a large muscular food for anchorage, securing food and locomotion.
-Pattern of body organization called cephalization
-Can live in survive in all of the major marine habitats.
-Consider an unsegmented animal.
Phylum Phoronida
Key Adaptations: Horseshoe Worms
-Feed on plankton
-Rarely exceed size length of 20cm
-Only appendage is the lophophore
-Mainly live in tubes on the seafloor of shallow water
Relationship
:
-Both groups have three layers for tissues.
-Both groups have a complete digestive tract.
-Both groups have coelom as their main body cavity.
Relationship:
-Both are multicellular organisms
-Both have a large number of species due to evolution
-They both present in multiple marine habitats
-
Relationship:
-Both can live on the bottom of sea floor.
-Both are on the smaller side of organisms
-Both are bilaterally symmetry
-Both have three layer tissues
Phylum Ctenophora
Relationship:
-Cnidaria and Ctenophora are two types of phyla composed of coelenterates. Both have two layers of tissue and are radially symmetric
Key Adaptations: Comb Jellies
-Some can ctenophores live 3000m deep sea
-Exhibit a glass transparency
-Covered in cilia; help them move and capture food
-Have a complete digestive system
-Colloblast cells