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communicable diseases - Coggle Diagram
communicable diseases
caused by pathogens, different pathogens have particular characteristics that affect the way they spread and how the diseases they cause can be prevented or cured
types of pathogens
bacteria
- prokaryotes
- classified by their basic shape
- or cell walls through gram staining
viruses
- non-living infectious agents
- genetic material surrounded by protein
- invade living cells where genetic material takes over host cell
- reproduce rapidly and evolve by developing adaptations
protista
- eukaryotic organisms that are parasitic
- using humans and animals as hosts.
- require vector to transfer
fungi
- affect plants
- some are parasitic feeding on plants and animal matter (pathogenic fungi)
- adaptations make them spread fast through crops
damaging host tissues directly
- viruses take over cell metabolism > viral genetic material invades host cells > inserted into DNA > make new viruses > burst out cell > destroying and spreading
- protoctista take over cells > break them open > new generation > dont take over genetic material > digest and use cell contents to reproduce
- fungi digest living cells > combined with response of the body > gives symptoms of dieases
produce toxins damaging host tissues
- bacteria produces toxins > they poison or damage host cells
- some fungi produce toxins
animal diseases
tuberculosis
- bacterial disease
- humans and some animals
- cause mycobacterium tuberculosis and m.bovis
- damages lung tissue amd suppresses immune system
- cureable antibiotics preventable vaccination
bacterial meningitis
- bacterial infection
- streptococcus pneumonia or neisseria meningitidis of meninges of brain
- can spread causing septicaemia and death
- blotchy red rash doesnt disappear against glass
- permanent damage
- some forms can be prevented vaccination
influenza
- viral infection
- orthomyxoviridae spp of ciliated cells in gas exhange system
- kills them leaves airway open to secndry infection
- three main strains (a, b, c) a most virulent mutate
- flu vaccine annualy
ring worm
- fungal
- different kinds for diff species
- trichophyton verrucossum
- skin goes grey-white, crusty with circles infectious
- no damage
- treated antifungal cream
HIV/AIDS
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- cause is human immunodeficiency virus
- targets T helper cells
- destroy immune system
- retrovirus
- no vaccine or cure
- antiretroviral drugs slow progress
athletes foot
- human fungal
- tinia pedia
- ring worm form grows n digests
- warm, moist skin
- itchy and sore
- antifungal creams
malaria
- protoctista plasmodium
- bites of anopheles mosquito
- reproduce in female mosquito
- invades red blood cells, liver n brain
- no vaccine limited cures
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