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MIND MAP OF DEVELOPMENT, MODELS, AND STRUCTURES OF ATOMS - Coggle Diagram
MIND MAP OF DEVELOPMENT, MODELS, AND STRUCTURES OF ATOMS
Development
Alchemy
Paracelsus
European Alchemist
He thought that the body's organ worked as a purifier.
Associated with witchcraft, sorcery, mythical creatures, and mystical images.
Jabir Ibn Hayyan
A royal alchemist in Baghdad.
Like Aristotle, he believed that metals grew in Earth which were differentiated by how much mercury and sulfur they contained.
His first writings mentioned important compounds as corrosive sublimate (mercuric chloride), red oxide of mercury (mercuric oxide), and silver nitrate.
Joseph Louis Proust
Law of Definite Proportions
This law states that a compound always contains the same elements in certain definite proportions and in no other combinations.
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
Law of Conservation of Mass
This law states that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change.
Furthermore, it also denounces that the mass of the products in a chemical reaction. must be equal to the mass of the reactants.
Robert Boyle
Boyle's Law
In this law, he explained that certain substances decompose into other substance/s.
The volume of gas decreases as the pressure on it increases and vice versa.
Ancient Concept
Leucippus
Originator of the theory that the universe consists of two different elements, which we called 'the full' or 'solid', and 'the empty' or 'void'.
He also believed that the atom was indivisible.
He first suggested that atoms could join together.
He believed that everything were made up of atoms.
He believed that matter was composed of atoms separated by empty space through which the atoms move.
He believed that our mind is made up of soul atoms that were special classes of atoms.
Democritus
Aristotle
Both believed that the Earth is made up of four elements: water, air, fire, and earth.
Plato
Models
Billiard Ball Model
John Dalton
Since Dalton thought that atoms were the smallest particles of matter, he envisioned them as solid, hard spheres, like billiard (pool) balls, so he used wooden balls to model them.
Proposed in the year 1800s.
All elements are composed of atoms which are indivisible and indestructible.
Atoms of the same elements are alike.
Atoms of different elements are different.
Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in fixed proportions.
A chemical reaction involves rearrangement of atoms, not a charge in the atoms themselves.
Erwin Schrodinger
Wave Model
Wave-mechanical model proposes that electrons are almost as much like a wave of energy as they are like particles. They are moving rapidly that they are not really in one place or region at any given time, and they keep changing their paths in response to the fields around them.
Proposed in the year 1920s.
James Chadwick
Neutron Model
Neutron
Proposed in the year 1932.
Neutrons are located in the center of an atom, in the nucleus along with the protons. They have neither a positive nor negative charge, but contribute the atomic weight with the same effect as a proton.
Discovered the neutron.
Niels Bohr
Planetary Model of Atom
Electrons occupy only certain orbits around the orbits that are stable (stationary orbits).
Each orbit has an energy associated with it. The orbit nearest to the nucleus has an energy of E1, the next orbit is E2.
Energy is absorbed when an electron jumps from a lower orbit to a higher one and energy is emitted when an electron falls from a higher orbit to a lower.
The energy and frequency of light emitted or absorbed can be calculated by using the different between the two orbital.
Proposed in 1913.
Nuclear Model of Atom
Ernest Rutherford
Discovered proton.
Gold Foil Experiment
Proton
Showed that the atom consists of a small, massive, positively charged nucleus with the negatively charged electrons being at a great distance from the center.
In the nuclear atom, the protons and neutrons, which comprise nearly all of the mass of the atom, are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom. The electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy most of the volume of the atom.
Proposed in 1911.
John Joseph Thomson
Plum Pudding Model
Thomson proposed the plum pudding model where he stated that electrons are small negative charges attached to a positively charged medium.
Cathode Ray experiment supported his model.
Proposed in 1904.
Electron
He discovered the electron.
Found in electron cloud.
First called as corpuscles.
Structures
Computation for Atoms
Atomic Number = Protons
Atomic Weight = Protons + Neutrons
Neutrons = Atomic Weight - Protons
Charge = Protons - Electrons
Electrons = Protons + Charge
Dmitri Mendeleev
Periodic Table
Categories
Period
Horizontal Rows
Family
Vertical Rows
Ions
Cations
More protons than electrons.
Anions
More electrons than protons.
Sub-atomic particles
Electron
Negatively charged particles
Found in shells or orbitals.
Proton
Positively charged particles.
Found in the nucleus.
Nuetron
Uncharged particle.
Found in the nucleus.
Charge Identification
Cation
Lose electron
Anion
Gain electron
References
Shipman, J. T., Wilson, J. D., Higgins, C. A., & Torres, O. J. (2016). An Introduction to Physical Science (9th ed.). Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning.
Shipman, J. T., Wilson, J. D., Higgins, C. A., & Torres, O. J. (2016). An Introduction to Physical Science (9th ed.). Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning.
De Borja, R.S. (2016). Chemistry for Senior High School. Mandaluyong City. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Nucum, Z. T. (2017). General Chemistry 1. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Wilbraham, A.C., Staley, D.D., Matta, M.S., & Waterman, E.L. (2010). Chemistry. Boston: Pearson.
Zumdahl, S.S. & Zumdahl, S.A. (2018). Chemistry (10th ed.). Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning.
